Chapter 12 : Child & Adolescent Nutrition

Key terms & Key concepts

Middle childhood:

Children between the ages of 5 and 10 years; also referred to as “school- age”.

Preadolescence

The stage of development immediately preceding adolescence; 9–11 years of

age for girls and 10–12 years of age for boys.

Bone age

Bone maturation; correlates well with stage of pubertal development.

Resting energy expenditure

The amount of energy needed by the body in a state of rest.

Total fiber:

Sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber.

Dietary fiber:

Complex carbohydrates and naturally occurring lignins; found mainly in the plant cell wall. Dietary fiber cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes.

Functional fiber

Nondigestible carbohydrates including plant, animal or commercially produced

sources that have beneficial effects in humans.

Pouring rights:

Contracts between schools and soft-drink companies, whereby the schools receive a percentage of the profits of soft-drink sales in exchange for the school offering only that soft-drink company’s products on the school campus.

Competitive foods

Foods sold to children in food service areas during mealtimes that compete with the federal meal programs.

Commodity program

A USDA program in which food products are sent to schools for use in child nutrition programs. Commodities are usually acquired for farm price support and surplus-removal reasons.