genetic fingerprinting

differences in vntrs

the number of times each sequences is repeated differs from person to person, so the length of nucleotides also differs

where do vntrs come from

inherited from biological parents

genetic fingerprinting

technique used to genetically identify an organism, by comparing the repeated base sequences (occuring on the genome) between organisms

could 2 unrelated people have the same vntrs

probability is very low

vntr

variable number tandem repeats

variable number tandem repeats

repeated nucleotide bases which do not code for a polypeptide

genetic fingerprint vs relation

the more closely related the individuals the mor eismilar the vntrs

overview of genetic fingerprinting

pcr or restiction endonucleases used to make dna fragments, spearated by gel electrophorsis, analyse and compare the unique genetic fingerprints of individuals

4 uses of genetic fingerprinting

determining relationships within a population, forensic science, medical diagnoses, animal and plant breeding

determining genetic relationships within a poplulation

e.g. cheetahs have low genetic diversity due to a genetic bottle neck

forensic science

dna left at crime scene can be amplified and genetic fingerprint analysed to idenfity if a person was present

medical diagnosis

used to diagnose genetic disorders and cancer

animal and plant breeding

used to prevent inbreeding which decreases th gene pool and increases risk of genetic disorders

dna ladder

mixture of dna fragments of known length run next along gel to work out length of other dna bands