INTEGUMENT TERMS/NEURO

flying high-travis scott & toro y moi

macule

small (less than 1 cm diameter) area of pigmentation change (freckles, petechia, measles)

papule

solid, elevated, and circumscribed. less than 1cm (mole, lichen, warts).

plaque

papules wider than 1cm, disc shaped lesions (psoriasis, eczema).

wheal

superficial, raised, transient erythematous lesion. has a slightly irregular shape due to edema (mosquito bites, allergic reactions, dermographism).

vesicle

elevated cavity containing clear fluid, up to 1cm (herpes simplex, early varicella, chickenpox, herpes zoster).

optic nerve (II)

test visual acuity and fields (confrontation/blind spots). unexpected findings include visual field loss and papilledema

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves (III, IV, VI)

assess pupils using PERRLA along with movements of pupils themselves. unexpected findings include pupil issues, nyastagmus, and a deviated gaze.

trigeminal nerve (V)

palpate temporal and masseter muscles as the client clenches their teeth. decreases strength or pain is unexpected. facial sensation should also be assessed using a cotton swab.

facial nerve (VII)

note mobility and facial symmetry as the client performs a variety of facial expressions such as smiling, puffing cheeks, and frowning. unexpected findings include muscle weakness or drooping

acoustic/vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

test hearing in regular conversation and in a whispering conversation. hearing difficulty is unexpected.

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (IX and X)

depress tongue w/ blade and note movement of the uvula and the soft palate as the client says “ahhhh😛”. absence of movement is unexpected.

spinal accessory nerve (XI)

check strength of neck muscles by having client turn their head against resistance from hands and having them shrug their shoulders against your hands. atrophy is unexpected.

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

stick out tongue to the midline and say “light, tight, dynamite”

ADL examples

bathing, dressing, grooming, oral care, toileting, walking, eating, etc.

IADL examples

shopping, cooking, doing housework, doing laundry, managing finances, driving/using public transportation, etc.