BioChem

BioChemistry

• Explores the chemical processes within and its related to living organisms

• Introduced by Carl Alexander Neuberg (1930)

• “Father of Modern Biochemistry”

Organisms

• Studied using chemistry & physics as all living things use the same type of molecules and utilize energy 

Carboxylase

• Enzymes that Catalyze the incorporation of a CO2 molecule into an organic substrate

The Living System

1. Organisms are complicated and highly organized

2. Biological structure serve functional purposes

3. Actively engage in energy transformations

4. Have remarkable capacity for self-replication

Characteristics

1. Compartmentalization

2. Growth and Division

3. Information Processing

4. Energy Transduction

5. Adaptability

Energy Rich Molecules

• Organisms capture energy the form of specially energy molecules such as ATP

Glucose

fuel to reach the top form of energy AT

ATP to ADP

• Release of energy

• Organisms capture energy in the form of special energized molecules such as NADPH

NADPH

• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

• Breaking C-H Bond

• Can regenerate itself

• Stores excess Hydrogen for Energy

DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Double Helix

• Two complementary polynucleotide chains running in opposite directions that can pair through Hydrogen

• Bonding between their nitrogenous bases

Structural Organization

• Life processes of the human body are maintained at several levels

• Fundamental level: Cell Atoms/Molecules(foundation)

• Chemicals - Cellular - Tissue - Organ - System - Organism

Prokaryotic

• Single Membrane

• pro=membrane

• Karyon=nucleus

Eukaryotic

• Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus

Organelle

• Membrane-closed portion of a cell with a specific function

• Existence of organelles is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Mitochondria

• Came from our mothers

• Maternal mitochondria

Plant Cell

• Has a cell wall

• Large central vacuole

• Chloroplasts

• Lack Centrosomes

• Lack Lysosomes

Animal Cell

• No cell wall

• Numberpis small vacuoles

• No chloroplasts

• Has centrioles/centrosomes

• Has lysosomes

Ketone

• Double bond between O and C