Iberian Peninsula Art History E1

Who was the founder of the Islam?

Muhammad

Where did Islam appear?

Mecca

What does Islam mean?

Enslavement to Allah

What does Allah mean?

The God

Who is he?

Muhammad

During the VIII century, the Islam was spread by…

Middle East

Which are the three monotheistic religions?

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

Which of the following is not an Islamic celebration?

Pentecostes

The Five Pillars consist of:

Declaration of Faith 

Obligatory Prayer

Compulsory Giving 

Fasting in the month of Ramadan 

Pilgrimage to Mecca

The main characteristics of Islamic Art are:

The only portraits are miniatures painted on books

The architecture, it is characterized by use of economical materials such as:

Brick

The walls and ceiling were decorated with materials such as:

Wood, gypsum and tiles

The decorative styles of Islamic Art are:

Geometric, plant and caligraphic decoration

What kind of decoration is it?

Calligraphic

What is the name of this type of arch?

Horseshoe arch

In each city the name of the main mosque is: 

Aljama

Do you remember the parts of the mosque?

Clockwise starting on far left

Alminar 

Quibla

Mihrab

Haram 

Sahn (patio)

Sabil (fountain)

Write three examples of Spanish cities whose cathedral was a mosque

Cordoba, Sevilla, Toledo

When did Islam come to the Iberian Peninsula?

711

When the Muslims arrived to the Iberian Peninsula they invaded the…

Visigoth Kingdom

The Goths came from...

Eastern Europe

The Germanic invasions of the Roman Empire caused…

The end of the empire (Western)

Muslims conquered…

The Iberian Peninsula and part of France

The Christian reconquest of the Peninsula was

From North to South

Who was Don Rodrigo?

A Visigothic King

Who was Tariq?

A warrior

Muslim domination is characterized by…

The importance of the city against the countryside

The population was composed of…

Muslims, Jews, Christians

Which are the indigenous peoples?

Iberians and Tartessos

Which civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean arrived to the Iberian Peninsula?

Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians

The Phoenicians were…

Great sailors

What is Al-Andalus?

Arab territory

What does Jassa mean?

Nobility

What does Amma mean?

Population

Choose the correct answer:

Muladíes: Christians converted to Muslims

Berbers: Desert nomad.

Mozarabs: Christians converted to Muslims

true

true

false

The Caliphate of Cordoba was…

A State in the Islamic part of Iberian Peninsula

In what period was it developed?

From 929 to 1031

What was the dynasty that ruled the Caliphate of Cordoba? 

Umayyads

The Caliphate of Cordoba was:

An empire

Which member of the Umayyad dynasty came to the Iberian Peninsula?

Abd al-Rahmán I

Which member of the Umayyad dynasty founded the Caliphate of Cordoba?

Abd al-Rahmán III

The caliphate of Cordoba kept a close relation with:

Byzantine Empire, Christian Kingdoms, north Africa and Amalfi Republic

During the Caliphate of Cordoba, Córdoba had a population of ...

200,000 inhabitants

When the Caliphate of Cordoba ended, began a period known as:

First Taifa Kingdoms

In 1492 

Granada was conquered by Christians

Why did the Caliphate of Córdoba disappear?

Civil war (fitna, 1009–1031), succession crises, factionalism, weakening central power.

The caliphate of Cordoba’s splendor. Explain the main ideas:

Prosperous trade & agriculture; cultural flowering (science, philosophy, medicine); architectural achievements (Great Mosque, Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ); religiously diverse urban society; strong administration and army. 

What is Medina Azahara? 

An palace-city

The great mosque of Cordoba began to be built under the reign of ...

Abd al-Rahmán I

What Christian king conquered Cordoba?

Ferdinand III of Castile

Almanzor was ... 

Military and politician

The great mosque of Cordoba ...

...was built in several phases

The minaret of the mosque of Cordoba ...

...has been transformed

The double arch of the mosque of Cordoba...

...allows higher ceilings

Who said “They have taken something unique in all the world and destroyed it to build something you can find in any city”

Charles I or V

How is the last type of Gothic style known?

Isabelino 

Florido 

Flamígero

all are correct

Explain the general characteristics of the great mosque of Cordoba and parts of the mosque.

Hypostyle hall with forest of columns; horseshoe & polylobed arches; alternating voussoirs; mihrab with rich decoration; courtyard with orange trees; minaret (later bell tower); successive expansions under different rulers.

Explain the general characteristics of the Caliphate of Cordoba

Centralized Umayyad rule; booming economy; cosmopolitan cities; convivencia (with tensions); diplomatic reach; patronage of arts/learning; eventual fragmentation into Taifas.

On which period did the Muslims live in the Iberian Peninsula?

Medieval Age

Mark the right chronological order:

Umayyad Governors, U. Emirate, U. Caliphate

What King conquered Toledo?

Alfonso VI

Choose the right chronological order:

Taifa Kingdoms, Almorávid E., Almohad E., Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

Choose the correct answer:

Taifa means the same as Province

Mudejar is…

An artistic style used by the Muslims in Al Andalus and an artistic style used by the Christians in their territory

Muladi is…

A Christian converted to Islam

The Caliphate of Cordoba and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada were ...

the most interesting periods from an artistic point of view

Mark the right order (chronological):

Romanesque, Gothic, Mudejar

The Caliphate of Cordoba…

…was divided into 25 Taifa kingdoms

The Almoravids maintain their first seat of government in…

Marrakech

In the early twelfth century the Almoravids were supplanted by…

the Almohads, a new Berber dynasty from the southern Maghrib

The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa…

…was in 1212

Choose the correct answer:

Christians won the battle of Navas de Tolosa

The first Almohad settlement was in...

Tinmel

Kutubiyya Mosque was…

the Aljama of Marrakech

The most important Almohad buildings in Spain are:

Mosque of Seville, Reales Alcázares of Seville, Alcazaba of Badajoz

The Almohad Empire conquered the Iberian Peninsula…

o prevent the advance of the Reconquest

Who was the first Nasrid Sultan of Granada?

Muhamad I ibn Nasr

Who was the last Muslim Sultan of Granada?

Muhammad XII (Boabdil)

The Nasrid dynasty ruled Granada…

1230–1492

The first Sultan of Granada of the Nasrid dynasty was allied with

Fernando III

The last Muslim mayor of Seville was

Axataf

What are the five kingdoms that were in the Iberian Peninsula in 1490?

Castile, Aragon, Portugal, Navarre, Granada

Order them chronologically: Romans, Visigoths, Iberians, Celtiberians, Celts, Muslims, “Christians”.

Iberians, Celts, Celtiberians, Romans, Visigoths, Muslims, Christians

The Nasrid dynasty comes to power after…

the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)

The Nasrid kingdom of Granada had diplomatic relations with…

Magrib peoples and Christian kings

Who was the half-brother of Isabel I of Castile?

Henry IV

What does caid mean?

Mayor

Explains the history of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.

The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada arose after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) weakened Almohad control, allowing Muhamad I ibn Nasr to establish an independent Muslim kingdom in 1230. Granada survived through diplomacy, paying tribute to Christian kingdoms, and forming strategic alliances. Despite internal conflicts and pressure from Castile, it remained the last Muslim state in Iberia until 1492, when Muhammad XII (Boabdil) surrendered Granada to the Catholic Monarchs, marking the end of Al-Andalus.

The War of Granada…

began in 1482 and ended in 1492

Santa Fe was a town founded by the Catholic Monarchs…

…to wait from there for the surrender of Granada and …Santa Fe is a copy of the Roman cities

The Catholic Monarchs include a pomegranate on their coat of arms after…

the surrender of Granada (1492)

The wife of Muhammad XII (Boabdil) is called ...

Moraima

Granada was conquered in 1492 "by"...

the kingdom of Castile

“Thou dost weep like a woman for what thou couldst not defend as a man” It was said by:

Aïcha al-Horra (Aixa)

Christopher Columbus married…

Filipa Moniz Perestelo

What are the capitulations of Santa Fe?

A contract between the Catholic Monarchs and Christopher Columbus

Select the correct answer:

Joana “La Beltraneja” was locked in a convent in Portugal

América was conquered by…

Castile

The Romanesque Style began in…

Burgundy

The artistic style of the Cathedral of Toledo is…

Gothic