APUSH Period 6

Waving Bloody Shirt

The use of Civil War imagery by political candidates and parties to draw votes to their side of the ticket.

Patronage

Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

Tammany Hall

most notorious political machine; NY city; Marcy Tweed also know as Boss Tweed became head in 1863

Credit Mobilier

1872, This was a fraudulent construction company created to take the profits of the Union Pacific Railroad.

Pendelton Act

Law requiring people to take a civil service exam for certain government jobs

Panic 1873

Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver

Greenbacks

Paper money in the North that was first issued during the Civil War.

Compromise 1877

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction

Jim Crow

Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Populists

a member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people. Specifically farmers.

Grandfather Clause

allowed people to vote if they had previous family members voted before Reconstruction

Panic 1893

Sharp economic downturn that began when the railroad industry faltered during the early 1890s followed by the collapse of many related industries

Laissez Faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Coxey's Army

unemployed workers marched from Ohio to Washington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for government relief

Subsidies

A grant or contribution of money, especially one made by a government in support of an undertaking or the upkeep of a thing (Think Railroads)

Transcontinental railroad

The railroad line that spanned the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses. Creates ICC.

Captains of Industry

men in charge of big businesses; John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

Trust

A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition.

Gospel of Wealth

This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

Unions

an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a labor union.

American Federation of Labor

1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

Strikes

The unions' method for having their demands met. Workers stop working until the conditions are met.

Ellis Island

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892

Social Gospel

Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.

New Immigrants

Italians, Polish and Jewish people moving to United States

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States

Hull House

settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889

WCTU

A group of women who advocated total abstinence from alcohol and who worked to get laws passed against alcohol.

Booker T. Washington

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education. Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores

Reservations

Areas of federal land set aside for Native Americans

Ghost Dance Movement

a Native American movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and challenged white dominance in society

Little Big Horn

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

Carlisle School

Failed attempt to forcibly integrate children of Native American's into US culture by way of a boarding school

Dawes Act

1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans

59ers

These people went to Colorado to mine for gold and silver often with the words "Pikes Peak or Bust" emblazoned on their covered wagons.

Helldorados

short-lived boomtowns characterized by the lack of law and order and the saloon.

Beef barons

Swifts and Armours led this trust and another examples of Big Business exploiting Americans in Gilded Age

Homestead Act

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

Combine Harvester

machine that harvests crop and separates out green or seed. Turned Farming into more of a big business.

Granger Movement

the agrarian movement organized in the 1870s as a protest against railroad power over the farmers

Cross of Gold Speech

An address given by Bryan, the Democratic presidential nominee during the national convention of the Democratic party, it criticized the gold standard and supported the coinage of silver. His beliefs were popular with debt-ridden farmers.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Jingoism

extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy

March of the Flag

The speech aimed at promoting US imperialism both as a divine and national mission Envisaged the US taking a colonies which he defined in terms of a divine mission.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

USS Maine

On February 15, 1898, this ship exploded in Havana Harbor. Led to Spanish-American War.

Anti-Imperial League

American organization formed in 1898 by those who opposed American colonization of the Philippines.

Platt Amendment

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Open Door Note

message send by secretary of state John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy & Japan asking the countries not to interfere with US trading rights in China.

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Panama Canal

(TR) , The United States built to have greater control over access of waterway in Central America

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs