Interwar Years

Dawes Plan 

• The USA lends money to Germany, which is spent on building up the German economy

• Germany uses increased tax revenues to pay reparations to France

• France pays back war loans to the USA and imports USA goods to help rebuild France

Why did Germany need the Dawes plan: 

• Hyperinflation, they printed too much money in order to pay reparations, and their currency was worthless. This plan allows Germany to recover

Great depression cause

• fall in demand, overproduction, unemployment, and the stock market crashed

  • War creates a huge demand for stuff, and after the war, the economy goes back to consumer levels

great depression effect

• Higher taxes, Businesses closed, decrease in production, unemployment, millions lost jobs, homes, and savings, banks closed, and global instability (the US pulled investments out of Europe, and nations have to pay the US back) 

united staes attempt to recover and effect of the great depression

•  FDR created the New Deal program 

  • 50% decrease in production

  • 44% of US banks out of business

  • 25% unemployment

briatin recovery plan from GD

•  set up a coalition government that provided unemployment benefits and low tariffs (in the city). High tariffs for things going out of the city) 

Germany effected by GD

• A lot of unemployment, the US pulls off of Dawes Plan and political turmoil

France effected by GD

unemployment, decrease in production, and no stable government

what do communism, fascist, & nazism ideology have in common

totalitarian leadership

Communism: 

• Creating better working and living conditions for the industrial poor

  • In Russia, the majority of the population was poor and desperate, so it looked more appealing to others

• A classless, stateless society

• Controls economy: Command Economy 

• No private ownership of business or property 

• Change will come through revolution 

Fascist:

• The government works within capitalism to improve the state economy

  • Private ownership is still allowed, but the private business had to support the government

  • Pleased capitalists: It is a benefit compared to communism 

• State above an individual 

• One party state 

• Police and military control the people

Nazism:

• All big industries have to benefit the state

• Racial superiority

• Anti Semitism 

• Pure Aryan race  

stalin military control

use terror, secret police (NKVD/Cheka), and Red Army 

stalin industries control

gov. owened

• collectivization

• 5 year plan

stalin religion control

Atheist. Churches, Synagogues, etc., were burned, and priestly people were executed.

stalin socail control

Censorship and control over media, education, and religion

stalin political control

one party state

communism

Collectivization

• The government-controlled all farms

• people sent to work on farms

• production would be taken by the government and redistributed 

• this created a decrease in output and famine 

5-year plan

• Government-owned all businesses and industries and set quotas that these businesses would have to meet

• If quotas weren't met, there were harsh punishments, such as death. People would lie on quotas to live 

• this created some industry growth  and increased the poor quality of goods 

Great purge 

• Old Bolshevik members, scientists, academics, rebellious peasants, and anyone against Stalin would be targeted and sent to gulags or be killed

• Targets were found through secret police, which are called NKVD

• Secret police went through the mail, listened to phone calls, etc

• Millions of people were executed in the Town Square as a show

Mussolini military control

Arrest without trial, death penalty for crime against state, secret police (OVRA)

Mussolini insudtry control

controlled ALL banks, trade, major industries (steel, oil, mining), and Agriculture

Mussolini religion

Atheist, but allowed the Vatican to be a sovereign Nation (Lateran Treaty)

Mussolini political control

 Fascist, state controls everything, state above individual

Mussolini social control

male-dominated public and political life, women honored to have many kids (14), divorce outlawed, bachelor tax for unmarried men, the state is the ultimate guardian of the family 

acerbo laws

• allowed the fascist party to pass any law and have the majority of the seats

  • created youth groups  that created Devotion and loyalty 

  • history and books were Rewritten to Appeal to fascist beliefs

  • Fascist leaders controlled all banks, trade major industries, oiling and Mining 

• Control over media (propaganda and censorship

  • No Free Press

  • no free speech

  • propaganda spread fascist ideas, and Mussolini's accomplishments

    • believe, obey, fight

    • Mussolini refers to himself as El Duche 

Black Shirts

• Fascist party created by Mussolini that used terror and violence to gain power 

• Pope will honor/support Mussolini's leadership

Lateran treaty 

• Allows the Vatican to be a sovereign nation

hitler militray control

Military personnel swore an oath to Hitler (not the state), military parades 

SA: Hitler's private army, SS: Controlled Concentration Camps, worked on the border.

hitler industry control

State-controlled, public works program and rearmament program (opened many opportunities for jobs)

hitler political control

one state party

nazism

hitler social control

Aryan Race, gender + family norms, devotion to the state, antisemitism (anti- jew), anti-communism, control over the propaganda, and no free speech

aryan

• blonde blue eyes 

• Superior German Race

Nuremberg Laws

• prohibits Jews from society

• revokes their German citizenship

• no civil rights 

• no access to any public space that would benefit someone 

• forced to wear the Star of David

Enabling Act

• Passed during the burning of the Reichstag (Parliamentary building)

• Allowed Hitler the ability to pass any laws that parliamentary consent during an emergency, even if it goes against the Constitution

  • Allows Hitler to be the chancellor 

  • this ultimately enabled Hitler to do all the disgusting and horrible things he did, such as torture, forced eugenics, and racism

• Indoctrination of the people

• Hitler controlled all media and press

  • He rewrote German history to agree with his beliefs

  • He would burn books

  • Teachers swore an oath to him and not the state

  • created a youth group called Hitler Youth, which created devout loyalty and, ultimately, a new generation of Nazis

Treaty of Versailles

• It required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

  • Hitler defies this—mainly the military. Hitler creates social, economic, military, and nationalistic control.