OIIA exam 5

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis (Dynamic stabilizers of glenohumeral joint)

Pes Anserinus ("Goose Foot")

Common insertion of Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus on anteromedial proximal tibia

Triceps Surae

Combined unit of Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles

Anatomical Snuffbox Boundaries

Extensor pollicis longus (medial), Extensor pollicis brevis & Abductor pollicis longus (lateral)

Golfer's Elbow

Inflammation of the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle

Tennis Elbow

Inflammation of the common extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle

Un-lock Mechanism of Knee

Popliteus muscle laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia during weight-bearing

Pectoralis Major | Origin

Clavicle, sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages

Pectoralis Major | Insertion

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Pectoralis Major | Innervation

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Major | Action

Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates arm

Pectoralis Minor | Origin

3rd–5th ribs

Pectoralis Minor | Insertion

Coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor | Innervation

Medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis Minor | Action

Stabilizes scapula (draws inferiorly and anteriorly)

Subclavius | Origin

1st rib and costal cartilage

Subclavius | Insertion

Middle 1/3 of clavicle

Subclavius | Innervation

Nerve to subclavius

Subclavius | Action

Depresses clavicle

Serratus Anterior | Origin

1st–8th ribs

Serratus Anterior | Insertion

Medial border of scapula

Serratus Anterior | Innervation

Long thoracic nerve

Serratus Anterior | Action

Protracts and rotates scapula

Trapezius | Origin

Occiput, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7–T12

Trapezius | Insertion

Lateral clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

Trapezius | Innervation

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Trapezius | Action

Retracts, elevates, depresses scapula; rotates glenoid fossa upward

Latissimus Dorsi | Origin

Iliac crest, thoracodorsal fascia, spinous processes of T6–T12

Latissimus Dorsi | Insertion

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi | Innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve

Latissimus Dorsi | Action

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Levator Scapulae | Origin

Transverse processes of C1–C4

Levator Scapulae | Insertion

Medial border of scapula

Levator Scapulae | Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae | Action

Elevates and rotates scapula

Rhomboid Minor | Origin

Spinous processes of C7–T1

Rhomboid Minor | Insertion

Medial border of scapula above root of spine

Rhomboid Minor | Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor | Action

Adducts and elevates scapula

Rhomboid Major | Origin

Spinous processes of T2–T5

Rhomboid Major | Insertion

Medial border of scapula below root of spine

Rhomboid Major | Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Major | Action

Adducts and elevates scapula

Deltoid | Origin

Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

Deltoid | Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid | Innervation

Axillary nerve

Deltoid | Action

Anterior: Flexes/medially rotates; Middle: Abducts; Posterior: Extends/laterally rotates arm

Supraspinatus | Origin

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus | Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus | Innervation

Suprascapular nerve

Supraspinatus | Action

Abducts arm 15°, slight lateral rotation

Infraspinatus | Origin

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus | Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus | Innervation

Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus | Action

Laterally rotates arm

Teres Minor | Origin

Middle 1/3 of lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor | Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus

Teres Minor | Innervation

Axillary nerve

Teres Minor | Action

Laterally rotates arm

Subscapularis | Origin

Subscapular fossa of scapula

Subscapularis | Insertion

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Subscapularis | Innervation

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Subscapularis | Action

Medially rotates arm

Teres Major | Origin

Inferior angle of scapula

Teres Major | Insertion

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

Teres Major | Innervation

Lower subscapular nerve

Teres Major | Action

Medially rotates and adducts arm

Biceps Brachii | Origin

Short Head: Coracoid process; Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle

Biceps Brachii | Insertion

Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps Brachii | Innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps Brachii | Action

Supinates forearm; flexes forearm/arm when supinated

Brachialis | Origin

Distal 1/2 of anterior humerus

Brachialis | Insertion

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Brachialis | Innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis | Action

Flexes forearm

Coracobrachialis | Origin

Coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis | Insertion

Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus

Coracobrachialis | Innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis | Action

Flexes and adducts arm; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Triceps Brachii | Origin

Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral Head: Upper posterior humerus; Medial Head: Lower posterior humerus

Triceps Brachii | Insertion

Olecranon process of ulna

Triceps Brachii | Innervation

Radial nerve

Triceps Brachii | Action

Extends forearm

Anconeus | Origin

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Anconeus | Insertion

Olecranon process of ulna

Anconeus | Innervation

Radial nerve

Anconeus | Action

Assists triceps brachii in extending forearm

Pronator Teres | Origin

Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) & coronoid process

Pronator Teres | Insertion

Lateral surface of radius

Pronator Teres | Innervation

Median nerve

Pronator Teres | Action

Pronates forearm

Flexor Carpi Radialis | Origin

Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)

Flexor Carpi Radialis | Insertion

Base of 2nd metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Radialis | Innervation

Median nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis | Action

Flexes and abducts hand

Palmaris Longus | Origin

Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)

Palmaris Longus | Insertion

Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus | Innervation

Median nerve

Palmaris Longus | Action

Flexes hand (Absent in ~14% of population)

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Origin

Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) & olecranon/posterior ulna