Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Flashcards on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus, meaning 'before nucleus'.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that possess a true nucleus.

Nucleoid

Region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located.

Capsule

A protective layer surrounding the cell membrane in some prokaryotes.

0.1-10 μm

Size range of prokaryotic cells.

10-100 μm

Size range of eukaryotic cells.

Cell Membrane

A layer of lipid surrounding the cell to protect it from the outside environment and control what comes in and out of the cell.

Prokaryotic Cells (as bacteria)

The first life forms on Earth, considered 'primitive' and originated 3.5 billion years ago.

Binary Fission

A process by which prokaryotes replicate; a simpler process than mitosis.

Cocci

Spherical (round) shape of prokaryotes.

Bacillus

Rod-shaped prokaryotes.

Spirilla

Helical (spiral) shape of prokaryotes.

Endosymbiotic Theory

A theory that suggests eukaryotic cells evolved when early prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotes, which then became symbiotic organelles.

Cytoplasm

The liquid environment inside both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Domain Bacteria and Archaea

Contains prokaryotes only.

Domain Eukarya

Contains Eukaryotes.