Ag Science 2 Animal Reprodution

Testicles

Primary male reproductive organ

Scrotum

The sack that carries and proteins the testicles

Epididymis

A tube with three parts: a head, body, and tail.

Vas deferens

A tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

Seminal vesicles

Produce the seminal fluid that transports and protects the sperm.

The prostate gland

Releases fluid that mixes with the seminal fluid and nourishes the sperm. 

Cowper’s gland

Releases a fluid into the urethra that cleanses and neutralizes it to allow the sperm to survive the passage to the penis.

Sigmoid Flexure

This S-curved muscle extends the penis outside the body during mating.

Retractor muscle

This muscle pulls the penis back into the body.

Penis

an organ that deposits semen into the female reproductive tract.

Sheath

a fold of skin that covers and protects the penis when it is relaxed.

Papillae

Attached to the inside wall of the cloaca, the papillae transport the sperm to the female reproductive tract during mating.

Cloaca

The reproductive and digestive systems meet at the cloaca. The male cloaca joins the female cloaca in the mating process.

Ovary

Produce the female sex cells, called eggs or ova, and sex hormones. The ova are released from follicles on the ovary.

Infundibulum

Receives the mature yolk from the ovary.

Uterus

The fertilized egg develops in the uterus before birth.

Uterine horns

The fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall and begins to develop in the uterine horns.

Cervix

Is a muscular structure that functions as a passageway for the sperm and keeps bacteria and foreign material out of the uterus during pregnancy by forming a waxy mucus plug.

Vagina

Deposited into the reproductive system through the vagina

Vulva

The external opening of the urinary and reproductive systems

Clitoris

Is a highly sensitive part corresponding to the penis that is stimulated during mating.

Puberty

The  stage  of  sexual  maturation.

Estrus

Is the period during which the female will accept the male for mating.

Parturition

Giving birth

How is puberty marked in males (2)?

A desire to mate and the ability to produce sperm capable of fertilizing an egg. 

How is puberty marked in females? (2)

The development of the reproductive tract to give the animal the capacity to bear offspring, and a desire for mating.

Heifers reach puberty at what age?

6 to 12 months

Swine reach puberty at what age?

4 to 8 month

What are the three phases of estrus and what occurs during each phase?

Proestrus, Estrus, and Diestrus

Procestrus

Body will get ready for mating.

Estrus

The female that is sexually receptive to the male for mating.

Diestrus

the reproductive  tract  becomes  less active,  until  the  cycle begins again with proestrus.

Name 2 visual signs of estrus.

Standing still for the male. Mounting on each other 

Name three factors with first-time breeding females.

Physical size, age, and breed

How long is the estrus cycle (WHOLE CYCLE TIME) for cattle and swine?

Cattle 21 days. Swine are 18-24 day

Name three ways pregnancy can occur.

Natural, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer 

Name 2 ways to determine pregnancy.

Ultrasound and visual inspection

List one sign of parturition in a species of animal. Rabbits:

Make a nest and shed its fur before babies.

Malpresentation 

Babies not coming feet forward or not normal 

What is the length of gestation for cattle (months) and swine?

Cattle: 9 months. Swine: 3 months, 3 week, and 3 days