yo odio a ush

Romanticism

The artistic movement emphasizing emotion, individualism, psychology, and national history themes

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Harvard-trained clergyman who became a leading writer, lecturer, and philosopher

“The American Scholar”

Emerson’s 1837 essay that helped launch a distinct American literature

Transcendentalism

Emerson’s philosophical blend of Unitarianism, Idealism, Platonism, Hinduism, and his own ideas

Henry David Thoreau

Transcendentalist who lived at Walden Pond and criticized slavery

“civil disobedience”

Thoreau’s principle of nonviolent refusal to obey unjust laws

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Author known for exploring dark spiritual and psychological themes

psychological

Relating to the mental and emotional dimensions Hawthorne examined

the human mind

Focus of Poe’s writing exploring darkness, fear, and irrationality

Mark Twain

Popular American writer known for humor and novels like Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn

Huck leberry Finn

Twain’s famous novel following Huck’s journey down the Mississippi River

Herman Melville

Author of Moby-Dick, misunderstood in his own time

Lyceum Movement

1820s educational lecture movement drawing large public audiences

Horace Mann

Education reformer who built the first statewide public school system

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s influential antislavery novel

Second Great Awakening

Major religious revival of the early 1800s that reshaped American society

Charles Finney

Presbyterian minister who led the Second Great Awakening

Burned-Over District

Region in NY/VT heavily affected by revival movements

Unitarianism

Religious movement rejecting the Trinity and traditional doctrines

itinerant

Referring to traveling preachers (circuit riders)

camp meetings

Large, emotional, days-long outdoor religious gatherings

Nat Turner

Christian minister who led the most significant slave rebellion in 1831

significant

Describes Turner’s rebellion, the largest in U.S. history

Shakers

Religious group with celibacy, communal living, and female leaders

Millerites

Group predicting Christ’s return in 1843–1844, later inspiring Adventists and Witnesses

Joseph Smith

Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons)