DEVPSYCH REVIEW

A baby stops sucking to listen to a tone. Later, the tone has been repeated frequently, the infant ignores it. This is an example of

habituation

A child hits a drum with different kinds of obects in order to make different sounds. According to piaget the child is exhibiting

a teritary circular reaction

A child's first word appears at about what age?

10- 14 months

A factor that increases the probability of having a baby with Down syndrome is

increased age of mother or father

A fertilized ovum is also called a(n)

Zygote

A girl received an injection and cries. Each time she receives an injection again, the same nurse gives it. her mother notices that the child now cried when she sees this nurse even if no injection is given. This is an example of

classical conditioning

A newborn's hearing is

Fairly acute, and has been since before birth

A reseacher studies the relationship between family income and achievement motivation. A correlation of +1.20 is found. From this, the researcher can conclude that

An error was made in calculating the correlation

A specific time when a given event, or the absence of that event, has the greatest impact on development is called ____ period.

Critical

A structure deep in the temporal lobe that plays a key role in memory and related functions is the

Hippocampus

A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg combine in the fallopian tube to form a single cell. This process is called

Fertilzation

A_ is a group of people born at the same time.

Cohort

According to Erickson, what is the main development of toddlerhood?

Autonomy

According to Erickson's psychosocial theory, the first stage of development, which occurs during infancy is

trust v. mistrust

According to research cited in your text, what is the best way to respond to an infant's crying?

Respond regularly with tender, soothing care

An 8 month old infant who cries when a relative she has never met comes to visit is showing

stranger anxiety

An average 12 month old can do all of the following EXCEPT

climb stairs

An average 4 month old has acquired which of the following skills?

rolling over

An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a ___ influence

normative age-graded

Any consequence of a behavior that INCREASES the likelihood of that behavior repeated is called

reinforcement

Approximately two weeks before Elizabeth's due date, her obstetrician told her that the uterin and cervical changes that bring on labor had begun. This process is referred to as

Parturition

At age 2, a healthy, normal child is likely to be

willful

Binocular vision, the ability to focus both eyes on the same object at the same time, usually does not develop until ____ months of age

4/5

Change and Stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc. would constitute which type of development

Cognitive

Chromsky's proposal that humans possess a language acquisiton device is MOST consistent with a(n) ____ view of language acquisition.

nativist

Dilation of the cervix occurs during which stage of childbirth?

First

Division of the life span into periods is a

social construction

Dr. Ellie cheetham follows the same group of children over a 10 year period, measuring their performance twice a year. This is which method of data collection?

Longitudinal

Dr. Lakivani is adivising young parents on things they can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in their babies. Of the following, what advice is she likely to give?

babies should be put to sleep on their backs.

Dr. Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with on another in the home. According to ecological approach, Dr. Willard is studying the children in their

Microsystem

During which prenatal stage do the major body systems and organs develop

Embryonic

Environmetal factors that may produce birth defects are called

teratogens

Fran says, "yesterday, I sitted on the floor." This is an examply of ____ grammatical rules.

overregularizing

Harlow and Harlow's work with infant monkeys showed that the infants were most interedte in recieving _ from surrogate mothers

Bodily contact

How many pairs of chromosomes does the normal human being have

23

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive, he would be perceived as demonstrating the ____ model of behavior

Mechanistic

If Laurie has albinism but neither of her parents exhibits this inherited condition, the trait must be ___ and Laurie's genotype for this trait is _____

Recessive, homozygous

In an experiment, one group of children is given a drink each day with special vitamin supplement. A second group of children is given the same drink but without the vitamin. later, all children's scores on the IQ test would be the

dependent variable

In which procedure is a sample of fluid taken from around the fetus and analyzed for possible defects?

Amniocentesis

Irritability, irregular rhythms, and intense reactions are characteristic of which kind of temperament?

Difficult

Jackie says "milk," meaning "I want some milk." When his mother pours it, he says "milk" meaning "this is milk" After taking a sip, he pushs the cup toward his mother and says "milk" meaing "Do you want my milk?" The is an example of

a holophrase

Jonathan is born 38 weeis after conception and weighs 4 1/2 pounds. He is

small for date

Julie readiy leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be

securly attached

Kumar learns first to hold up his head, then to raise his shoulders, and then to push with his feet. This demonstrates which principal of development?

Cephalocaudal

Life-span studies are based in which of the following ideas?

Every portion of life span os influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events.

Matt's parents have noticed that he has recently wet his pants a few times and started to suck his thumb and talk like a baby, although he is 4 1/2 years old. Which of the following has probably happened to Matt?

His mother has just had a baby

Meredith watches her mother pour water out of a glass into the sink. The next day, at the breach, Meredith pours water from a cup into a pail. Meredith is engaging in

deferred imitation

Most of the early pioneers is Psychology, such a sigmund Freud, Erickson, and Piaget favored the ____ perspective on human development, which views development as occring in specific stages

Organismic

Places in the neonate's skull where the bones are not compleatly fused are called the

fontanels

Self-awareness usually emerges by about what age?

15-24 months

Steven is 8 months old and has begun to produce repetitive strings of vowel and consonant sounds such as "pa-pa-pa-pa." According to the text, this is a stage of prespeech language development is called

babbling

Suppose you are a health-care worker who is examining a child with the following symptoms: facial and bodily malformations, a short attention span, hyperactivity, and motor imparinments. Which drug would you suspect that the childs mother took during pregnancy

Alcohol

Tasha has just given bith to health twins. One of the twins has an X and Y chromosome, while the other has two X chromosomes. These twins are

Dizygotic

The age range of approximately 6-11 years refers to which of the following periods of development

middle age

The average newborn weighs___ pounds

7 1/2

The coating of the netural pathway with a fatty substance, which results in more efficient processing of electrical signals, is called

myelination

The end of the 2nd stage of childbirth is indicated by

The emergence of the baby from the mothers body

The first sense to develop is the sense of

touch

The first stage in Piaget's cognitive theory is

sensorimotor

The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the internet are considered

Normative history-graded influences

The name for a leading cause of mental retardation caused by mothers who drink alcohol heavily during her pregnancies is

fetal alcholo syndrome

The oily covering on the skin of a newborn is called

vernix caseosa

The proponent of learning theory who maintained that language development is based on experience is

B.F. skinner

The realization that a person or object continues to exist even when out of sight is called

object permanence

The technique used to determine that male and fetuses are more active and move more vigorously throughout gestation is

Ultrasound

The zygote divides and implants into the wall of the uterus during which stage of gestation

Germinal

Two year old Jacob took the pacifer away from his baby sisiter, making her sad and causing her to cry. When his mother explained how the baby felt and insisted that he return the pacifer, she was teching Jacob

empathy

When an unfamiliar little boy takes away 1-year old- Marina's toy, she looks questioningly at her mother. This is an example of

Social referencing

When Dr. Sheila Dabbed Jenny's nose with rounge to see how she would react when placed infront of a irror, D. Sheila was administering a test of

Self Awareness

Which American psychologist developed the bioecological perspective, which involves five interlocking contextual systems ranging from the most intimate to the most distant?

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Which baby would have the highest Apgar score

Bill who is pink, crying, kicking, and wiggling

Which brain region shows the most rapid during the first year of life?

Cerebellum

Which early philosopher described chilren as a tabula rasa on which society writes?

John Loke

Which of the following is most likely to be a 2 year old's favorite word?

"No"

Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta

Encases te baby with a fluid filled membrane

Which of the following is NOT one of the principals of life-span development identified by the Baltes (1987)

Development ends with childhood

Which of the following most clearly demonstrates the influence of environment?

Patty, who was adopted at the age of 2, walks like her adoptive mother.

Which of the following researchers worked with "little albert" in one of the earliest and most famous examples of classical conditioning in human development?

John. B Watson

Which of the following statements about emotions is FALSE

Infants cannot express emotions for about the first 6 months of their lives

Within each cell nucleus are coils of DNA called

Chromosomes