Comprehensive Guide to Corruption, Anti-Corruption Measures, and Integrity in Public and Private Sectors

What is corruption?

The act of giving or receiving gratification or reward for performing a task related to one's job description.

What is anti-corruption?

Efforts, actions, and measures taken to prevent, detect, expose, and address corrupt practices.

What are the goals of anti-corruption?

To reduce or eliminate corruption in various forms and create a fair society where resources are allocated equitably.

What are the types of bribes?

Monetary (e.g., money, wage, bonus) and service (e.g., services, position, vote).

What is the estimated total annual global cost of corruption?

2.6 trillion dollars.

How many schools could be built with the total annual cost of corruption?

17,333 schools.

What percentage of bribes were reported to be paid to Parliament in Asia 2020?

36%.

What is the estimated financial loss Malaysia experienced from 2005 to 2014 due to corrupt practices?

RM 1.8 trillion.

Where can corruption take place?

In government, businesses, courts, media, civil society, health, education sectors, sports, and infrastructure.

What is the MACC ACT of 2009?

It highlights four offenses relating to corruption and defines corrupt practices.

What was Malaysia's rank in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in 2020?

57 out of 180 countries.

What is integrity?

Being honest and having strong principles; the state of being whole and undivided.

What are some factors affecting integrity?

Individual weakness, bad leadership, system and procedural weakness, unhealthy culture, and structural issues.

What mindset traits are common among corrupt individuals?

Ambitious, greedy, survival-oriented, frustrated, and feeling that 'everyone does it.'

What are high-risk job sectors for corruption?

Purchase and supply, contract and tender, office property and asset, enforcement and regulation.

How can integrity be cultivated in the workplace?

By respecting others' opinions, addressing conflicts honestly, being a role model, and reporting unethical behaviors.