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Medium/Media

Materials and tools used by artists for creation.

Sculpture

Largest category of three-dimensional artwork.

Carving

Shaping material by removing excess material.

Casting

Creating shapes by filling molds with materials.

Modeling

Shaping forms from soft, workable materials.

Construction

Building sculptures from assembled materials.

Sculpture in the Round

Freestanding sculptures viewable from all angles.

Relief Sculpture

Sculptures attached to a surface, not freestanding.

Fiber Art

Art using textiles and fibers as primary materials.

Installation Art

Art transforming entire spaces for immersive experiences.

Form

Physical shape of an object in three-dimensional space.

Balance

Distribution of weight for stability in sculptures.

Space

Physical area occupied by a sculpture.

Positive Space

The actual mass or form of the sculpture.

Negative Space

The area around and between the sculpture.

Open Forms

Sculptures allowing interaction with surrounding space.

Scale

Physical size of artwork relative to humans.

Collaborative Activity

Working together to solve artistic challenges.

Relief Sculpture

Sculptures projecting from a background surface.

Low Relief Sculpture

Slight projection with no undercutting beneath surface.

High Relief Sculpture

Significant projection, often undercut for depth.

Additive Techniques

Building up materials to create 3D art.

Subtractive Techniques

Removing material to shape the sculpture.

Mount Rushmore

High relief sculpture created by Gutzon Borglum.

Chisels

Tools used for carving stone or wood.

Dynamite

Explosive used to remove large stone sections.

Assemblages

Sculptures made from found objects and materials.

Readymade Parts

Materials not originally intended for art.

Junk Sculptures

Assemblages made from discarded or found items.

Cardboard Relief Sculpture

Activity using cardboard to create relief art.

Texture in Sculpture

Surface quality affecting visual and tactile experience.

Artistic Expression

Unique way an artist conveys ideas or emotions.

Human Scale

Art size compared to human dimensions.

Impact of Scale

Influences viewer's perception and emotional response.

Assemblage

Art form combining various objects into a whole.

Plaster face masks

Masks created using plaster for artistic expression.

Pop art

Art movement focusing on everyday life and culture.

Relief sculpture

Sculpture where forms project from a flat background.

Monochromatic color scheme

Art using one color in various shades.

Plaster of Paris

Quick-setting gypsum plaster used for casting molds.

Gypsum

Mineral used to make plaster of Paris.

Casting molds

Forms used to shape materials like plaster.

Plaster gauze

Material used for creating molds in sculpture.

Street Scenes series

Segal's work depicting daily life through plaster figures.

Plaster bandages

Used in medical casts, hardens when wet.

Texture in art

Surface quality perceived through touch or sight.

Cubism

Art movement focusing on abstracted forms and perspectives.

Taxidermied dog head

Preserved animal head used in Marisol's artwork.

Carpentry

Craft of working with wood to create structures.

Synthetic polymer

Man-made substance used in various art applications.

Detailed realism

Art style emphasizing lifelike representation of subjects.

Artistic identity

Exploration of self through various artistic roles.

Mold

A hollow form used to shape materials.

Plaster

Material used for making molds and casts.

Alginate

Flexible mold material derived from algae.

Lost-Wax Casting

Method of creating sculptures using wax models.

Superheated Metal

Liquid metal poured into molds during casting.

Bronze Sculpture

Art piece made from cast bronze material.

Hollow Casting

Technique for creating lightweight bronze sculptures.

Rodin's The Thinker

Famous bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin.

Subtractive Sculpting

Technique involving removal of material from a solid.

Marble

A hard stone commonly used for sculpting.

Wood Carving

Sculpting technique using softer wood materials.

Kiln

Oven used for firing clay and ceramics.

Ceramics

Rock-hard forms created from fired clay.

Terra-Cotta

Low-fire clay often left unglazed.

Glaze

Glass-like coating applied to ceramics.

Pliable Materials

Substances easily shaped, like clay or wax.

Sculpture in the Round

Three-dimensional sculpture viewable from all angles.

Surface Texture

Visual quality of a sculpture's outer layer.

Natural Beauty of Wood

Aesthetic appeal derived from wood's unique features.

Graceful Lines

Curved edges that enhance a sculpture's form.

Artistic Objectives

Goals that guide an artist's creative process.

Glaze

Liquid suspension of minerals for ceramic surfaces.

Kiln

Oven used for firing ceramics at high temperatures.

Solid Modeling

Shaping clay forms primarily with hands and fingers.

Flashlight II

Sculpture by Jasper Johns, originally made in clay.

Flashlight III

Bronze sculpture by Jasper Johns, cast in 1987.

Pinch Pot

Handmade pot formed by pinching clay ball.

Clay Slab Building

Constructing hollow forms using flattened clay sheets.

Coil Building

Method of stacking rolled clay ropes to build.

Thickness Limit

Clay walls must be under one inch to avoid explosions.

Sculpting Tools

Various implements used for shaping and detailing clay.

Rolling Pin

Tool for flattening clay into even sheets.

Leathery Hard

Stage of clay that is firm yet workable.

Texture Addition

Enhancing clay surface with patterns or carvings.

Earthenware

Type of pottery fired at low temperatures.

Stoneware

Durable pottery fired at high temperatures.

Slab Thickness

Slabs should be no thicker than half an inch.

Mold Creation

Process of making a form to cast materials.

Firing Process

Heating clay to harden and set its shape.

Clay Types

Different varieties of clay used in pottery.

Hand-Building

Creating pottery without a wheel, using hands.

Sculpture Experimentation

Practicing techniques to create unique clay forms.

Decorative Techniques

Methods to embellish clay surfaces before firing.

Bone Dry Clay

Clay with all moisture removed, very fragile.

Coil Building

Technique using rolled clay coils to create forms.

Slip and Score Method

Joining clay pieces with slip and scoring surfaces.

Throwing on the Wheel

Creating symmetrical pots using a rotating wheel.

Hydria

Ancient Greek water jar, often wheel-thrown.