HS ENGL 002 - Reading and Writing Skills

Intertext

the context is not given immediately. It is only through the reader’s wealth of previous knowledge, experience, and further research that the readers will be able to understand the text.

Intertext

It is known as linear.

Intertext

The reader gets to understand the context of the piece through other texts which parallel in terms of plot, characters, premise, and the like.

Intertext

The reader is relying on his or her own schema in understanding the text, resulting in multiple interpretations.

Hypertext

The reader gets to understand the context of the piece and its intended interpretation since the author provides help and guidance by giving outside links and references.

Hypertext

It is known as non-linear

Hypertext

The hyperlinks, footnotes, and definition of terms provided by the author are common examples of this.

Critical Reading

Form informed judgments about the text

Critical Reading

Analyzing/Interpreting/Evaluating

Critical Reading

Focuses on what the text does and means

Simple Reading

Gets the gist or the basic definition of the text

Simple Reading

Absorbing/Understanding

Simple Reading

Focuses on what the text says

Explicit main idea

it is directly stated in the text. Most informative texts (e.g. announcements, weather reports, and news). If the text has a title or heading, it usually pertains to the topic already. The writer is clear about the subject and purpose of the text.

Implicit main idea

When the writer merely implies the main idea and does not directly state it.

Critical thinking

is one's ability to engage in active thought processes (e.g. reflective thinking and reasoned judgments).

Claim

It is an assumption, the focus of the argument, a statement, not a question, what you are trying to prove, and defined as the author’s approach to the topic to see the main arguments.

Claim of Fact

Presents an argument about a quantifiable and debatable topic. It clearly states the main argument and defines vague and controversial terms. It is supported with factual information such as statistics, testimony, scientific research, and observation. It also defines vague and controversial terms.

Claim of Value

Argues whether something is good or bad. It is based on judgment and evaluation on a philosophical, aesthetic, or moral standpoint. It is subjective by nature but it is also assessed on accurate information.

Claim of Policy

Asserts the implementation of a certain policy. This is driven by the need to present a solution to a problem. It is also a response to the “claim of fact” by presenting a procedural and organized way of proving or disapproving the argument presented.

Logical Fallacies

are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument.

False Dilemma

It occurs when the arguer presents his / her arguments as one of the only two options despite the presence of multiple possibilities or options. (Narrowing down the options)

Appeal to Ignorance

It occurs when something is instantly concluded although the argument was not yet proven to be true or false. (Jumping to conclusion)

Slippery Slope

It occurs when an exaggerated and superficial series of events were drawn out from a simple argument. (Overreacting to an argument)

Appeal to Force

It occurs when a threat is used instead of reasoning.

Appeal to Pity

It occurs when the element of pity is used instead of reasoning.

Bandwagon

It occurs when the argument was accepted or was considered to be valid since the “majority” agrees and believes in it.

Attacking the Person

It occurs when someone tries to refute an argument by attacking the character of the person instead of attacking the argument itself.

Appeal to Authority

It occurs when the arguer or the argument quotes an expert who is not qualified in the given subject matter.

Anonymous Authority

It occurs when the authority in question was not named or mentioned.

Hasty Generalization

It occurs when a sample is not enough to draw a generalization for a certain population. (Stereotyping)

Evaluative statement

offers valid judgment, given on a set of standards. It explains why strength is a strength and a weakness is a weakness.