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55 Terms
1
Agglomeration
The clustering of industries or businesses in the same geographic area to benefit from economies of scale, shared services, or resources.
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2
Assembly Line
A production method where a product is assembled step-by-step as it moves along a conveyor belt, with workers specializing in a specific task at each station.
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3
Bulk-Gaining Industry
Industries that produce products that gain weight or volume during the manufacturing process.
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4
Bulk-Reducing Industry
Industries that produce products that lose weight or volume during the manufacturing process.
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5
Capital
Financial resources or assets used for investment, machinery, or labor in the production of goods and services.
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6
Consumptive Water Usage
The use of water that is not returned to the water supply after being used, typically for irrigation, industrial cooling, or consumption.
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7
Cottage Industry
A small-scale, home-based manufacturing industry, often producing handmade or artisanal goods.
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8
Deindustrialization
The decline or reduction of industrial activity in a region, often accompanied by the rise of a service-based economy.
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9
Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
A designated area where goods can be imported and manufactured for export, usually with reduced taxes or duties.
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10
Footloose Industry
Industries that are not tied to a specific location due to their low transportation costs or flexibility in choosing sites.
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11
Fossil Fuel
Energy sources derived from ancient organic matter, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
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12
Post-Fordism
A flexible approach to industrial production that focuses on customization, innovation, and high-tech production methods.
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13
Geothermal Energy
Energy derived from the heat of the Earth, often used in power plants or for heating purposes.
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14
Greenhouse Effect
The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases, leading to global warming.
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15
Just-in-Time Delivery
A production strategy where materials or goods are delivered exactly when needed, minimizing inventory costs.
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16
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid industrial growth that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, involving innovations like machinery and factory systems.
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17
Infrastructure
The physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
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18
International Division of Labor
The global distribution of labor where different regions or countries specialize in different stages of production.
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19
Labor-Intensive Industry
Industries that require a large amount of labor relative to capital investment.
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20
Weber’s Least-Cost Theory
A theory that explains the location of industries based on minimizing transportation, labor, and agglomeration costs.
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21
Maquiladora
A factory in Mexico that assembles imported materials or components into products for export.
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22
Mass Production
The large-scale manufacturing of goods using standardized methods and assembly lines.
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23
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Pollution that comes from multiple diffuse sources, rather than a single identifiable point.
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24
Outsourcing
The practice of obtaining goods or services from an external supplier, often in a different country, to reduce costs.
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25
Primary Industry
Industries involved in extracting or harvesting natural resources.
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26
Post-Fordist Production
A more flexible, decentralized approach to production in contrast to Fordism.
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27
Potential Reserve
Resources that are thought to exist but have not been discovered or fully developed.
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28
Proven Reserve
Resources that are known to exist and are commercially viable to extract.
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29
Recycling
The process of converting waste materials into new products to reduce resource consumption and waste.
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30
Renewable Energy
Energy derived from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power.
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31
Right-to-Work Laws
Legislation that allows employees to work without being required to join a union or pay union dues.
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32
Secondary Industry
Industries involved in manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished products.
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33
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
A region within a country that has economic and business regulations that differ from the rest of the country.
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34
Business Services
Services that support other businesses, such as finance, marketing, and consulting.
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35
Central Place Theory
A theory that explains the size, number, and distribution of cities based on the services they provide.
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36
Clustered Rural Settlement
A rural settlement pattern where buildings are closely packed together, often with farms surrounding the village.
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37
Consumer Services
Services that are provided to individual consumers, such as retail, education, healthcare, and entertainment.
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38
Dispersed Rural Settlement
A rural settlement pattern where houses and farms are spread out over a large area.
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39
Enclosure Movement
The historical process in which common lands in England were consolidated into individual farms.
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40
Gravity Model
A model that explains the interaction between two places based on their population sizes and the distance between them.
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41
Hierarchy of Settlements
The ranking of settlements based on their size, services, and functions.
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42
Hinterland or Market Area
The area surrounding a central place that is served by that place.
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43
Long-Lot Settlement
A type of rural settlement where land is divided into narrow, elongated parcels.
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44
Non-Basic Business
Businesses that serve the local population and do not export goods or services outside the region.
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45
Periodic Market
A market that is held at regular intervals where vendors sell goods in temporary locations.
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46
Primate City
The largest city in a country or region, typically much larger than the second-largest city.
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47
Public Services
Services provided by the government for the benefit of the general population.
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48
Range
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to purchase a good or service.
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49
Rank-Size Rule
A pattern where the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy.
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50
Settlement
A community or group of buildings where people live and interact.
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51
Service
The provision of intangible goods or activities to meet the needs or desires of individuals or businesses.
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52
Threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support a service or business.
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53
Township-and-Range Survey
A land survey system used in the United States to divide land into rectangular parcels.
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54
Urbanization
The process by which more people move into cities and towns, leading to the growth of urban areas.
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55
World City
A city that is a global center for finance, culture, and trade.
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