Unit 6 Huge Defenitions

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55 Terms

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Agglomeration

The clustering of industries or businesses in the same geographic area to benefit from economies of scale, shared services, or resources.

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Assembly Line

A production method where a product is assembled step-by-step as it moves along a conveyor belt, with workers specializing in a specific task at each station.

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Bulk-Gaining Industry

Industries that produce products that gain weight or volume during the manufacturing process.

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Bulk-Reducing Industry

Industries that produce products that lose weight or volume during the manufacturing process.

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Capital

Financial resources or assets used for investment, machinery, or labor in the production of goods and services.

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Consumptive Water Usage

The use of water that is not returned to the water supply after being used, typically for irrigation, industrial cooling, or consumption.

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Cottage Industry

A small-scale, home-based manufacturing industry, often producing handmade or artisanal goods.

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Deindustrialization

The decline or reduction of industrial activity in a region, often accompanied by the rise of a service-based economy.

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Export Processing Zone (EPZ)

A designated area where goods can be imported and manufactured for export, usually with reduced taxes or duties.

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Footloose Industry

Industries that are not tied to a specific location due to their low transportation costs or flexibility in choosing sites.

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Fossil Fuel

Energy sources derived from ancient organic matter, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

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Post-Fordism

A flexible approach to industrial production that focuses on customization, innovation, and high-tech production methods.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy derived from the heat of the Earth, often used in power plants or for heating purposes.

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Greenhouse Effect

The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases, leading to global warming.

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Just-in-Time Delivery

A production strategy where materials or goods are delivered exactly when needed, minimizing inventory costs.

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Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrial growth that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, involving innovations like machinery and factory systems.

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Infrastructure

The physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

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International Division of Labor

The global distribution of labor where different regions or countries specialize in different stages of production.

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Labor-Intensive Industry

Industries that require a large amount of labor relative to capital investment.

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Weber’s Least-Cost Theory

A theory that explains the location of industries based on minimizing transportation, labor, and agglomeration costs.

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Maquiladora

A factory in Mexico that assembles imported materials or components into products for export.

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Mass Production

The large-scale manufacturing of goods using standardized methods and assembly lines.

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Nonpoint Source Pollution

Pollution that comes from multiple diffuse sources, rather than a single identifiable point.

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Outsourcing

The practice of obtaining goods or services from an external supplier, often in a different country, to reduce costs.

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Primary Industry

Industries involved in extracting or harvesting natural resources.

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Post-Fordist Production

A more flexible, decentralized approach to production in contrast to Fordism.

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Potential Reserve

Resources that are thought to exist but have not been discovered or fully developed.

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Proven Reserve

Resources that are known to exist and are commercially viable to extract.

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Recycling

The process of converting waste materials into new products to reduce resource consumption and waste.

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Renewable Energy

Energy derived from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power.

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Right-to-Work Laws

Legislation that allows employees to work without being required to join a union or pay union dues.

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Secondary Industry

Industries involved in manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished products.

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Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

A region within a country that has economic and business regulations that differ from the rest of the country.

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Business Services

Services that support other businesses, such as finance, marketing, and consulting.

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Central Place Theory

A theory that explains the size, number, and distribution of cities based on the services they provide.

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Clustered Rural Settlement

A rural settlement pattern where buildings are closely packed together, often with farms surrounding the village.

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Consumer Services

Services that are provided to individual consumers, such as retail, education, healthcare, and entertainment.

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Dispersed Rural Settlement

A rural settlement pattern where houses and farms are spread out over a large area.

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Enclosure Movement

The historical process in which common lands in England were consolidated into individual farms.

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Gravity Model

A model that explains the interaction between two places based on their population sizes and the distance between them.

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Hierarchy of Settlements

The ranking of settlements based on their size, services, and functions.

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Hinterland or Market Area

The area surrounding a central place that is served by that place.

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Long-Lot Settlement

A type of rural settlement where land is divided into narrow, elongated parcels.

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Non-Basic Business

Businesses that serve the local population and do not export goods or services outside the region.

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Periodic Market

A market that is held at regular intervals where vendors sell goods in temporary locations.

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Primate City

The largest city in a country or region, typically much larger than the second-largest city.

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Public Services

Services provided by the government for the benefit of the general population.

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Range

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to purchase a good or service.

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Rank-Size Rule

A pattern where the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy.

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Settlement

A community or group of buildings where people live and interact.

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Service

The provision of intangible goods or activities to meet the needs or desires of individuals or businesses.

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Threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support a service or business.

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Township-and-Range Survey

A land survey system used in the United States to divide land into rectangular parcels.

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Urbanization

The process by which more people move into cities and towns, leading to the growth of urban areas.

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World City

A city that is a global center for finance, culture, and trade.