48- ~ Social Disorganization Theory

Social Disorganization Theory; _______ is unit of analysis

• Community is unit of analysis

What is the most important theory in criminology?

Social Disorganization Theory

Social Disorganization Theory, developed by sociologists ______ and __________

Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay

Social Disorganization Theory: explains crime and deviance as a product of __________ factors rather than__________.

environmental; individual traits

Social Disorganization Theory:

• Emerged during a time of ________ and _________ ideas due to views of ________

"scientific racism" and xenophobic; immigration

Social Disorganization Theory:

• What did Shaw & McKay study?

crime rates in Chicago 1900-1930 (approx.)

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• What did they find?

• Stable crime rates but their composition changed

  • bc Chicago is this petri dish of social change

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• they then asked: If neighborhoods are bad bc of _________ make-up, then why are these areas still bad when that __________make-up changes

• racial/ethnic

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Structure of ________ matters, not________

• PLACE; identity of ppl

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Who comes to the same conclusion as Shaw & McKay?

Robert Park (U of Chicago)

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Robert Park (U of Chicago); Conclusion: high crime rates result from _______

• rapid social change

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Robert Park (U of Chicago); Conclusion: high crime rates result from rapid social change.

  • Why?

Disrupts the order of society

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Robert Park (U of Chicago); Conclusion: high crime rates result from rapid social change.

  • What did this create?

CHICAGO SCHOOL of sociological thought

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Robert Park (U of Chicago)

• Order of society? ______→ _____→ ___________

• Norms→ Rules→ Guidelines for action

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Communities have ________ and ________ networks

• formal and informal

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Formal Networks:

Connections bw formal organizations

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Who were the authors of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America?

Thomas and Znaniecki.

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znaniecki

  • What type of personal documents did Thomas and Znaniecki analyze for their study?

Letters, diaries, school records, and other personal documents of Polish immigrants.

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znaniecki

  • What issue did Polish immigrants face in controlling younger family members in the U.S.?

They struggled to maintain control because the cultural norms of the old world no longer applied in the new world.

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znaniecki

  • When the moved to the US it seemed like “__________”bc there was no _____________

“anything goes”. No normative standards

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• The Polish Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znaniecki

  • Weak _______ and __________ networks = ______________

• Formal & informal

• deviance, delinquency, divorce…. UP

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• What is a model for Social Disorganization Theory?

Concentric Zone Model

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

1. Central Business District (CBD)

2. Transition Zone

3. Working Class Zone

4. Residence Zone

5. Commuter Zone

6. CRIME DECLINES

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model: “___________________”

"Crazy Birds Take Wings, Relax Calmly."

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  1. Crazy Birds: Central Business District (CBD): The ____ of the city. Center of its power. Focus of energy

     • Most ________

• heart

  • social change

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  2. Take: Transitional Zone: On edge of expanding ______. Lots of social change, very disorganized.

  • Highest rates of ___________________.

• CBD

  • crime, delinquency, divorce and other social problems

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  3. Wings: Working Zone: Multi-family residences; walk-ups.

     • Slightly less ________ than transition zone, slightly less ______.

     • Crime slightly _______ but still ______.

• social change; disruption

  • lower; elevated

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  4. Relax: Residence Zone:

     • ____ family residences. Old city neighborhood (E.g., Broussard).

     • Even less ______ and, thus, even less crime.

• Single

• disruption

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  5. Calmly: Commuter Zone:

     • The "______". The outskirts of town. Highly insulated from the disruptive elements of the CBD. Very_______. Very low crime.

• burbs

• little social change

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• List all areas of the Concentric Zone Model:

  6. **CRIME DECLINES AS YOU MOVE OUTWARD FROM THE CENTER THIS IS BECAUSE OF A DECLINE IN THE RATE OF_________.

     • IN OTHER WORDS, THE STRUCTURE OF ______ MATTERS.

• SOCIAL CHANGE

  • PLACES

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• Who studied single parent households?

Robert Sampson

Social Disorganization Theory: Shaw & McKay

• What had urbanization but low crime rate? Why?

Switzerland→ Urbanization but low crime (?). Development slow, political decentralization

Justice Reinvestment Initiative

• Which state has the hugest crime rate in the US?

Louisiana

The Imperative of Prediction:

• How long to predict a hurricane?

Predict path a FEW DAYS in advance

The Imperative of Prediction:

• How long to predict a Student Retention?

• Predicting retention 12 months in advance

  • Needs to know if they are gonna drop out

The Imperative of Prediction:

• How long to predict a prisoners be commiting crime?

Predicting recidivism 3-5 years in advance

Why is it harder to predict ppl than weather?

• Free will- to think- their concsiounce- Opportunities

• Humans RESPond to the prediction

The TIGER Algorithm

• Algorithm that predicts risk of_______recidism

• 3-year

Reduce ______→ Use ________ to keep them out → Reduce ____ and save $_______$

• incarceration

• savings

• crime and save $$$