Spinal Anatomy-Palmer, Beverage (Exam 2 Objectives)

How many TYPICAL thoracic vertebrae are there?

7

How many ATYPICAL thoracic vertebrae are there?

5

What thoracic vertebrae are considered to be typical vertebrae?

T2-T8

Is the anterior or posterior vertebral height greater in the thoracic vertebrae?

Posterior

How much greater is the posterior vertebral height, compared to the anterior height?

1-2mm

What orientation do the Laminae form from one vertebrae to the next?

Shingling

What thoracic vertebrae have a greater width between the left and right superior articular processes, compared to the width between the left and right inferior articular processes?

T2-T4

Which thoracic vertebrae have equal distance between there left and right superior and inferior articular processes?

T5-T8

What is the name of the region of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes?

Pars Interarticularis

Where does the transverse process terminate within?

Transverse Tubercle

What supports the transverse costal facet?

Transverse Tubercle

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facet from T2-T6?

Concave

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facet from T7-T8?

Flat

What level of thoracic vertebral bodies can the aortic impression be found?

T5-T8

What side of the vertebral bodies of T5-T8 is the aortic impression found on?

Left

Compression on the left side of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims of T5-T8 creates what?

Aortic Impression

How many costocentral joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

4

What is the name of the costocentral joint surfaces that articulates with its associated rib head? (T5 with Rib 5)

Superior Costal Demi-Facet

What is the name of the costocentral joint surfaces that articulates with the rib head of the next rib? (T5 with Rib 6)

Inferior Costal Demi-Facet

What thoracic vertebrae consists of a COMPLETE superior costal facet and an inferior costal Demi-facet?

T1

What vertebrae may or may not have an inferior costal Demi-facet?

T9

At what level do the ribs begin to articulate ONLY with its corresponding vertebrae?

T10

What vertebrae have ONLY a single costal facet?

T10-T12

What vertebra can the single costal facets be found below the superior epiphyseal rims, close to the pedicle?

T11-T12

What joint type is found between the rib head and the vertebral bodies?

Costocentral Joint

What joint type is found between the transverse costal facets and the articular surface of the tubercle of its associated rib?

Costotransverse Joint

What is the joint classification of costocentral joints and costotransverse joints?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What is the joint classification of costocentral joints?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What is the joint classification of costotransverse joint?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by stabilizing the joint?

Capsular Ligament

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by connecting the head of the rib to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc?

Radiate/Stellate Ligament

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by connecting the interarticular crest on the head of the rib to the associated intervertebral disc?

Intra-articular/Interarticular Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by surrounding the articular surface on the rib tubercle and the transverse costal facet?

Capsular Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the inferior border of the transverse process above to the neck of the rib below?

Superior Costotransverse Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the anterior border of the transverse process to the posterior neck of the rib below?

Inferior Costotransverse Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the non-articular surface of the ribs tubercle to the transverse tubercle at the same level?

Lateral Costotransverse Ligament

What is the joint classification of the 3 Costotransverse ligaments? (Superior, Inferior, and Lateral)

Fibrous Syndesmoses Joints

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Rhomboid major

-Serratus posterior superior

-Splenius cervicis/capitis

-Spinalis thoracis/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Processes of T2-T8

Where does the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments attach?

Spinous Processes

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Rhomboid minor

-Serratus posterior superior

-Splenius capitis

-Spinalis thoracis/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Process of T1

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Processes of T9-T10

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Serratus posterior superior

-Iliocostalis Lumborum

-Spinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Process of T12

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis, cervicis, capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitis

-Multifidus

-Rotator longus/brevis

-Intertransversarii

Transverse Processes of T2-T8

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Intertransverse

-Capsular costotransverse

-Superior costotransverse

-Inferior costotransverse

-Lateral costotransverse

Transverse Processes of T1-T8

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Capsular costotransverse

-Superior costotransverse

-Inferior costotransverse

-Lateral costotransverse

Transverse Process of T9

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracic/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis cervicis/capitis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarum brevis

Transverse Process of T1

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarums

Transverse Process of T10

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarum brevis

Transverse Process of T11

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Intertransverse ligament

Transverse Processes of T10-T12

How many costocentral joint surfaces are on each typical vertebrae?

4

How many costotransverse joint surfaces are on each typical vertebrae?

2

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebra?

10

How many zygopophyseal joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebra?

4

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T1?

10

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T9?

10

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T10?

8

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T11?

6

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T12?

6

What do the following structures all stabilize?:

-Superior costotransverse ligament of T11

-Lumbocostal ligament of L1

12th Rib

What vertebrae has 3 tubercles? (Superior, Inferior, and Lateral)

T12

What is the smallest tubercle of T12 and is homologous of the accessory process?

Inferior Tubercle

What is the largest tubercle of T12 and is homologous of the mammillary process?

Superior Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 represents the transverse process?

Lateral Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 projects over the superior articular facet?

Superior Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 is below the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle?

Inferior Tubercle