Roman History Midterm Full

Sextus Tarquinius

The individual whose rape of Lucretia led to her suicide and the expulsion of Rome's kings.

Laws of the Twelve Tables

A law code passed in 450 BCE.

nobiles

Wealthy patricians or plebeians who had held public office for 3 generations.

Patron-Client relationship

A relationship that depended on reciprocity, involving protection and legal advice in exchange for votes, labor, and military support.

Licinian-Sextian reforms

Reforms that did NOT include the regulation of the relationship with Rome's Latin allies.

centuries

The division of the Roman people into 193 groups as per the Servian constitution.

Voting in assemblies

Ceased when a bare majority was reached, resulting in many citizens never being called to vote.

Roman colonies

Were made attractive by allowing members full Roman citizenship and the right to formulate their own military policy.

Greeks

Established a settlement at Cumae in southern Italy around 750 BCE.

Etruria

A region of fertile hills, forests, and lakes, roughly bounded by the Arno and Tiber rivers.

Tarquinii, Vulci, and Veii

Communities in southern Etruria that developed into city-states in the late eighth century.

Forum

The low area that became the Roman ____ was drained in the seventh century, and Rome became one of the largest cities in Italy by the end of the sixth century.

Tarquinius Priscus

The king _______ was thought to have migrated to Rome from an Etruscan city.

Legion

The origin of the word '_____' suggests that the force was originally selected or picked.

Paterfamilias

A _______ was always the head of a Roman household.

Gentes

Early Roman society was dominated by powerful aristocratic family groups (clans) linked by common ancestry known as ____.

Familia

The best definition of ________ is a group of people in a household under the potestas of one person (patriarch).

First Punic War

The _____ was principally fought to determine control of Sicily.

Naval

At the beginning of the First Punic War, the Romans had a distinct advantage in terms of ____ equipment.

Cunctator

Quintus Fabius Maximus was mockingly dubbed '___ because he used 'delay' as a tactic to wear out the Carthaginians.

Battle of Cannae

The ____ in 216 BCE was significant because it is considered the worst defeat Rome had suffered in war.

Scipio Africanus

This Roman defeated Hannibal at Zama, ending the Second Punic War.

Carthaginian Fleet

The ___ were forced to copy Roman methods and build a new fleet of warships.

Italian Allies

The______ mostly remained loyal to Rome despite the disaster at Cannae.

Hannibal's Army

The battle of Cannae showed how superior ____s army was.

Romans

The battle of Cannae taught the _____ a lesson in tactics.

Etruscan

The correct answer regarding the origin of Tarquinius Priscus is: .

Selected or Picked

The correct answer regarding the origin of the word 'legion' is: .

Major Property Owner

A paterfamilias was always a .

Father

A paterfamilias was always the____ of children.

Husband

A paterfamilias was always the ____ in a family unit.

Pyrrhic victory

A victory so costly it is like a defeat

Battle of Cynoscephalae

The battle where the Romans defeated Philip V of Macedon, ending the Second Macedonian War in 197 BCE

Antiochus III

King of the Seleucid empire

Cato the Elder

Spoke against intervention in Carthage in 149 BCE, insisting that Rome was already overextended in its commitments overseas.

Destruction of Carthage

The city was destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BCE

Ager publicus

Land owned by the Roman state

Tiberius Gracchus' primary reform

Redistribution of ager publicus (public land)

Tiberius Gracchus' assertion

All power derived from the populus Romanus (the Roman people)

Gaius Gracchus' goals

To provide supplies for soldiers, reform the state by broadening participation in government, stabilize the grain supply, and distribute more public property

Ultimate decree of 121 BCE

Was interpreted to allow magistrates to use violence against Roman citizens

Battle of Arausio

At this battle in 105 BCE, the Romans were defeated by the Cimbri and the Teutons

Sertorius

A Roman general who fought against the Romans.

Cimbri and Teutons

Tribes that defeated the Romans.

Saturninus and Glaucia

Public figures who undermined their own efforts by excessively using violence.

Lucius Cornelius Cinna

Responsible for dismantling Sulla's settlement of 88 BCE.

Marius' military reforms

Significant because subsequent generals imitated his successes.

Sulla's settlement after the civil war of 83-81

Did not include distribution of ager publicus.

Mithridates

Known as the 'Poison King' of Pontus, whom Rome fought for decades.

Spartacus

Escaped a gladiator school in Capua, leading a slave revolt of roughly 70,000 people against Rome.

Cicero

The famous lawyer/orator/politician who stopped the 'Catilinarian conspiracy' in 63 BCE.

Partnership among Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar

Was not formed and ratified by the senate.

Julius Caesar's marriage to Pompeia

Was not to cement their political relationship.

Clodius Pulcher

Had a measure passed in 58 BCE that officially declared Cicero an exile.

Caesar's campaigns against the Gauls

Ancient estimates of 1 million Gauls killed and another million enslaved are not credible.

Crassus

Died in 53 BCE fighting against the Parthians at Carrhae.

Senate proposal in December 50

Most senators voted against the proposal that both Caesar and Pompey should give up their commands.

Rubicon

The river Caesar crossed, making civil war official.

Palatine

This was the location of Romulus' original citadel.

Capitoline

This hill was the site of Romulus' asylum.

Tarpeian Rock

This was where traitors were killed.

Aventine

Remus planned to build his citadel on this hill; it was eventually a plebeian neighborhood.

Campus Martius

This field was used for military training.

Forum

This was the main center of Rome, full of temples, law courts, and a market area.

Circus Maximus

This was Rome's major race track, and later where Christians were martyred (it had more seats than the Colosseum!).

Cloaca Maxima

This was one of the world's first sewers, constructed to help drain Rome's marshy areas.

Servian Wall

Rome's first fortification wall, added after all seven hills were claimed.

Romulus

He was Rome's first king, began the senate, made laws, and abducted neighboring women to boost the population.

Numa

The 2nd king established temples and religious offices, such as the Vestal Virgins and the pontifex maximus.

Tarquinius Priscus

The 5th king built temples on the Capitoline hill and the Cloaca Maxima.

Tarquinius Superbus

The last king was arrogant and cruel; his son's crime led to revolution.

Tullus Hostilius

The 3rd king built the senate house and conquered Alba Longa.

Servius Tullius

The 6th king was a kind ruler who established the census and the voting assembly and built a fortification wall.

Ancus Marcius

The 4th king conquered Etruscan territory, held the 1st triumphal parade, and built the first prison.

Ostia

Rome's harbor city.

consuls

2

censors

2

praetors

8

tribunes

10

aediles

4

quaestors

20

senators

600

votes for the Comitia Centuriata

193

votes for the Comitia Tributa

35

term of office for censors

1½ years

Comitia Centuriata

Which assembly elected consuls, praetors, and censors?

Comitia Tributa

Which assembly elected the lower magistrates?

Slaves

Which group was NOT involved with the 'conflict of orders'?

Curia

The Senate met in the.

Censors

All officials served for one year EXCEPT.

Senate

What is the chief governmental body?

Dictator

Who was the emergency commander that served for only 6 months?

Consuls

Which officials were the chief magistrates?

Tribunes

Which officials were the protectors of plebeian rights?

Censors

Officials who took the census.

Praetors

Officials who were the judges.

Quaestors

Officials in charge of the treasury.

Aediles

Officials in charge of public works and games.

Provinces

What the officials that begin with 'pro' are in charge of.

Cursus Honorum

The order of political offices.