FBLA Intro to Business Communication

A thesaurus contains:

Synonyms and antonyms of words

Appositive

A noun phrase that comes after another noun phrase to provide extra information about it.

_ sent that e-mail message to you.

Cindy and I

Please send that e-mail message to _.

Cindy and me

Which sentence is punctuated correctly?

Fifty-five e-mail messages were waiting for me about the delayed shipment.

Our customers live throughout the United States, but Texans purchase more than 50 percent of our products.

Complex

Six members of our team _ accounting backgrounds.

Have

Connection can flow within an organization _.

Horizontally, vertically, & diagonally.

The word "or" in "Should we stay in Anaheim or should we stay in Newport Beach?" is a _.

Conjunction

Give that to _ you please.

whomever

A curved line over a word going down and under the second word.

Transpose (change places) letters, words, or phrases

A period with a circle around it means _.

Add period

Horizontal parentheses means _ ( ⁐ ).

Delete or close up space

"#" means _,

Add a space

"^" means _.

Insert something

"sp." means _.

Spelling mistake

"Stet" means _.

Ignore correction

"/" means _.

Lowercase

A scribble means _.

Delete

Two lines with a circle means _. (¶)

Start a new paragraph

Three lines under a letter means to _.

Capitalize

Enunciation

How clear and distinct the speech was

Pronunciation

How the word is spoken

Cliché

A phrase, idea, or element of artistic work that has become overused

Slang

Informal language used by a particular social group

Jargon

Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand

Homographs have the __ , __ , __.

Same spelling, different sound, different meaning (bow 🙇/ bow 🎀)

Homonyms have the __ , __ , __.

Same sound, same spelling, different meaning (can 💪/can🥫)

Homophones have the __ , __ , __.

Same sound, different spelling, different meaning (know 🤓/no 🚫)

A dictionary contains:

Meaning, definition, pronunciation, orthography, and etymology of a word

When two numbers are next to each other, spell out the _ number and write the other number in numerals

Smaller

T/F: When using abbreviations for units of measurement in your writing, always express numbers as numerals

True

Spell out numbers under than _.

10

Numbers between ___ & ___ should be hyphenated and spelled out (hyphenate and spell out answer)

twenty-one, ninety-nine

T/F: When numbers start a sentence, they shouldn't be spelled out

False

Ellipsis

Shows an omission of words or represents a pause

Parentheses

Used to set aside unnecessary information

Hyphen

Used to connect words, creating compounds

Dash/em dash

Represents an abrupt interruption

Use quotation marks for naming _ works.

Shorter

Use italics for naming _ works.

Longer

To say that both Taylor and Gracie are having a concert in July.

Taylor's and Gracie's concert in July.

_ can be used to introduce a list.

Colons

____ can be used to join two independent clauses.

Semicolons

Compound-Complex Sentences

Two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

Complex Sentences

One independent and one or more dependent clauses connected by subordinating conjunctions

Compound Sentences

Two independent clauses are often connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction

Simple Sentences

One independent clause with a subject, verb, and object present.

The following is an example of a Double Negatives statement.

"He didn't say nothing"

A complete sentence has a ____, ____, & a(n) ____.

Subject, a Verb, & an Object

There are ____ types of sentences.

Four

Exclamatory Sentences

These behave like declarative sentences but with more emotion or urgency shown by an exclamation mark

Imperative Sentences

These are commands, instructions, or advice on what to do, and can end in a period or exclamation point

Interrogative Sentences

Known informally as questions and end with a question mark

Declarative Sentences

A simple statement used to communicate a fact, an opinion, an observation, or an explanation, and always ends in a period

Dangling Modifiers

A word, phrase, or clause that modifies a word not present in the sentence.

Misplaced Modifiers

A phrase or clause placed awkwardly in a sentence so that it appears to modify or refer to an unintended word.

Infinitive Phrases

Averb form consisting of the word "to" followed by a verb's base form and any related objects, modifiers, or other complements.

Indirect Object

The receiver/affected by the primary object

Direct Object

The receiver of the action expressed by the verb

Predicates

The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject

Subjects

The noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb or is the focus of the sentence, the “doer” of the action

T/F: Transitive Verbs expresses action towards someone/something, but Intransitive Verbs don't transfer an action to a direct object

True

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Shows future ongoing actions that continue up until a certain point.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Shows an ongoing action in the present that was started in the past. It is often used to emphasize the length of time.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It describes ongoing actions that happened in the past instead of a one-time occurrence.

Future Continuous Tense

Shows future actions happening over a period of time, especially when a specific time is mentioned.

Present Continuous Tense

Shows an action happening in the present or in the near future.

Past Continuous Tense

Shows an ongoing action in the past, especially if the action was interrupted by another action

Future Perfect Tense

Shows an action that will be completed in the future by a specified time.

Present Perfect Tense

An ongoing action started in the past that is not yet completed

Past Perfect Tense

Shows that one past action happened earlier than another one

I will help my neighbor tomorrow

Simple Future

I help my neighbor every day

Simple Present

I helped my neighbor yesterday

Simple Past

Prepositional Phrases

Group of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any words modifying the object

Distributive Pronouns

either, each, neither, any, none

Reciprocal Pronouns

Each other & one another

Interrogative Pronouns

who, whose, whom, what, which

Possessive Pronouns

mine, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs, its

Intensive Pronouns

Looks like reflexive pronouns, but add emphasis

Reflexive Pronouns

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, & themselves

Indefinite Pronouns

one, other, none, some, anybody, everybody, no one

Demonstrative Pronouns

that, this, these, and those

Relative Pronouns

that, what, which, who, whom, etc

Personal Pronouns

I/me, she/her, he/him, they/them, it, we/us, you

Interjection

A word or phrase in a sentence that expresses emotion or a reaction

Subordinating Conjunctions

Transition words, connects two independent clauses

Coordinating Conjunctions

FANBOYS, connects two independent clauses using a comma

Transitive Verbs

Verbs that need an object to complete their meaning, expresses action towards someone or something

Intransitive Verbs

Verbs that cannot have a direct object after them, expresses an action that doesn’t transfer to a direct object

Adverbial Prepositional Phrase

When a prepositional phrase acts upon a verb

Adjectival Prepositional Phrase

When a prepositional phrase acts upon a noun

Conjunctions

A word that is used to connect clauses or sentences (one must be a complete sentence)

T/F: Spell out numbers when starting a sentence

True

Fractions should be _____ and ______.

Hyphenated and spelled out

Pronoun

Words or phrases you substitute for nouns when you already know which nouns you’re referring to

Verb

Used to show an action, state of being, and to link the subject & subject complement

Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, often indicates location, direction, time, etc

Run-On Sentence

A sentence that incorrectly connects clauses.