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2 types of juries
shadow jury
mock jury
shadow jury defintion
sits in a public gallery during trial then discuss it as if they were the actual jury
mock jury definition
watches video / reads transcripts of court case then reach a verdict
how does attractiveness influence juries
halo effect
implicit personality theory
stewart
castellow
sigall and ostrove
halo effect definition
suggests a positive halo of pleasant characteristics is imagined when one favourable characteristic is known
implicit personality theory
suggests that we stereotype physical attractiveness with attractive personalities
stewart’s theory
investigated the impact of appearance on jury decisions by observing real trails in the public gallery
found that less attractive the defendant was, the more severe their punishment was
castellow’s study
experiment to test attribution of guilt using previously rated attractive / unattractive witnesses and defendants
found that attractive defendants were more likely to be found not guilty if the victim was unattractive
also found that unattractive defendants were more likely to be found guilty if the victim was attractive
sigall and ostrove’s study
asked 120 ppts to suggest a sentence for burglary or fraud, either with or without see a photo of the defendant
photos were either an attractive or unattractive defendant
results showed that ppts suggested significantly longer sentences for burglary when the photo was of an unattractive person
but found reverse effects when the crime was fraud
in this condition, the photo of the unattractive defendant produced the longer sentence
how does race influence juries
pfeifer and ogloff
eberhardt
pferifer and ogloff’s study
showed that white uni students rated black defendants as more guilty than white defendants
effect was found to be even stronger when the victim was described as white
eberhardt’s study
effect of the race if a defendant and the likelihood that they would receive the death penalty if found guilty of murder
found that men who were seen as more stereotypically black were significantly more likely to receive the death penalty
lakoff’s - how does the way language is used affect juries
effect of using frequent ‘hedges’ while talking such as ‘I think’ or ‘perhaps’
both male and female witnesses who used thus type of language were perceived as less intelligent, less competent, less likeable and less believable than those who did not
how does accent affect juries
seggie
kalin
seggie’s study
conducted research in Australia
investigated the effects on raters perception of guilt of 3 accents : british rp, broad australian and asian
found that more guilt was attributed to australian accent when suspect was accused of assault
found that more guilt was attributed to british rp accent when suspect accused of theft
kalin’s study
found that standard british accent was rated more positively than non standard e.g. regional