Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing

A set of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and concepts related to the effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

Biological benefits of Physical Exercise

Includes increases in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmitter levels.

BDNF

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; supports neuronal survival, growth, and plasticity.

Cognitive effects of Physical Exercise

Improves memory, attention, executive control, and reduces cognitive decline.

Neuroprotection

The process through which physical exercise reduces neurodegeneration and β-amyloid plaque formation.

Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels, which enhances blood flow and nutrient delivery.

Epigenetic mechanisms

Processes that alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, regulated by exercise.

Psychological benefits of Physical Exercise

Reduces anxiety, depression, and stress; improves mood, self-esteem, and quality of life.

Exercise Addiction

A condition where excessive physical exercise leads to anxiety, guilt, and irritability when not exercised.

Moderate Intensity Exercise

Physical exercise performed at 40–60% VO2max, beneficial for working memory and flexibility.

Cognitive Reserve

The mind's resistance to damage of the brain; exercise helps build this reserve.

Synaptogenesis

The formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system, enhanced by physical exercise.

Neurogenesis

The process of generating new neurons, notably increased through physical exercise.

Glucose and lipid metabolism

The processes improved by physical exercise that support brain health.