Cellular Processes and Atomic Theory Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering topics on cellular respiration, photosynthesis, experimental procedures, and the chronological development of atomic models based on lecture notes.

Photosynthesis and Respiration Relationship

The relationship in which the products of one process serve as the raw materials for the other.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

The process that directly supplies usable energy ($ATP$) from glucose when oxygen is available.

Citric Acid Cycle

A stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Electron Transport Chain

A stage of cellular respiration that occurs along the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Major Products of Aerobic Respiration

Carbon dioxide, water, and $ATP$ (usable energy).

Breathing

Gas exchange occurring at the organism level, which is distinct from cellular respiration.

Fermentation

A metabolic process connected in the carbon cycle that releases $CO_2$ when oxygen is limited.

Dalton's Atomic Model

An early scientific model proposing that atoms are tiny, indivisible particles of matter, supported by experimental evidence and laws of matter.

Thomson's Atomic Model

The 'plum pudding' model created after discovering the electron using cathode rays, which bent toward a positive plate to reveal a negative charge.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

An experiment where most alpha particles passed straight through an atom while a few deflected strongly, proving the atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

Bohr's Atomic Model

An atomic model that placed electrons in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus.

Chronological Order of Atomic Models

The historical sequence of atomic models: Dalton $\rightarrow$ Thomson $\rightarrow$ Rutherford $\rightarrow$ Bohr.