Key Concepts of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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vacuole

an organelle that is predominantly made up of water and stores different materials (including waste products); in plants, they also help with water balance and cell structure

lysosome

an organelle that contains enzymes that break down biomolecules into smaller units

Golgi apparatus

an organelle in eukaryotic cells that processes, sorts and packages proteins and lipids to be transported towards the cell membrane

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes attached and its functions is to Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and steroids also helps with transport of materials

rough endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached Protein synthesis as well as the

transport of materials

endoplasmic reticulum

an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of an interconnecting system of thin membrane sheets dividing the cytoplasm into compartments and channels

cristae

the folds of the inner membrane into the matrix of the mitochondria, thus increasing the total surface area of the inner membrane

mitochondrion

an organelle within the cytoplasm that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration, which releases energy for the cell

chloroplast

an organelle in plant mesophyll tissue that uses light energy to make glucose through photosynthesis

nucleus

the organelle in a eukaryotic cell containing most of the DNA; its function is to coordinate cell activities

ribosome

a small structure in all cells that builds amino acids into complex proteins; is not bound by a membrane

organelle

a specialised structure or compartment within a cell that has a specific function

plasmid

small ring of DNA that is not a chromosome, most often found in prokaryotes

prokaryotic cell

a simple type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; a member of domain Archaea or Bacteria

eukaryotic cell

a

complex type of cell

with a nucleus and

membrane-bound

organelles; a member of

domain Eukarya