11.1 - Antibiotics

b. 30S

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aminoglycosides bind to the______ ribosomal subunit and cause misreading of mRNA
a. 50S
b. 30S
c. 40S
d. 60S

a. Misreading of mRNA

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aminoglycosides bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and cause
a. Misreading of mRNA
b. Inhibition of DNA replication
c. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
d. Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

a. Gram-negative organisms

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

BEQ: Aminoglycosides are bactericidal against _______
a. Gram-negative organisms
b. Gram-positive organisms

a. Gram-negative organisms

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aminoglycosides are bactericidal against _______
a. Gram-negative organisms
b. Gram-positive organisms
c. Anaerobes
d. Fungi

c. Streptomycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside that was previously first-line against TB
a. Gentamicin
b. Tobramycin
c. Streptomycin
d. Amikacin

c. Streptomycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside that is:

• Given Intramuscularly (IM)

• Against tularemia (rabbit)

a. Gentamicin
b. Tobramycin
c. Streptomycin
d. Amikacin

b. Tobramycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside used for bacterial conjunctivitis ("sore eyes")
a. Gentamicin
b. Tobramycin
c. Streptomycin
d. Amikacin

b. Tularemia

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Streptomycin is used against ________ found in rabbits
a. Brucellosis
b. Tularemia
c. Anthrax
d. Plague

a. Streptomyces spp.

📌Suffix: -mycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

• Streptomycin

• Tobramycin

Are from _______

a. Streptomyces spp.

b. Micromonospora spp.

c. Gentamicin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside used with ampicillin for neonatal sepsis and meningitis
a. Streptomycin
b. Tobramycin
c. Gentamicin
d. Amikacin

• Neonatal sepsis

• Meningitis

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Gentamicin + ampicillin is used for ________
a. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
b. Bacterial conjunctivitis
c. Tularemia
d. Tuberculosis

b. Micromonospora spp.

📌Suffix: -micin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Gentamicin is from _______

a. Streptomyces spp.

b. Micromonospora spp.

• Streptomycin

• Gentamicin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycosides that cause vestibulotoxicity (dizziness)
a. Streptomycin and Gentamicin
b. Tobramycin and Amikacin
c. Neomycin and Kanamycin
d. Gentamicin and Tobramycin

• Neomycin

• Gentamicin

• Tobramycin

📌Mnemonic: “NGT"

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aminoglycosides that cause nephrotoxicity
a. Neomycin, Gentamicin and Tobramycin
b. Streptomycin and Tobramycin
c. Amikacin and Kanamycin
d. Gentamicin and Amikacin

• Neomycin

• Amikacin

• Kanamycin

📌Mnemonic: “NAK”

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aminoglycosides that cause ototoxicity
a. Neomycin , Amikacin and Kanamycin
b. Streptomycin and Gentamicin
c. Tobramycin and Amikacin
d. Gentamicin and Neomycin

b. Gentamicin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside with vestibulotoxic, nephrotoxic, and ototoxic effects
a. Neomycin
b. Gentamicin
c. Streptomycin
d. Tobramycin

a. Amikacin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The aminoglycoside that is ototoxic and nephrotoxic
a. Amikacin
b. Streptomycin
c. Gentamicin
d. Tobramycin

b. Tetracycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This is a broad spectrum antibiotic that act on the 30s ribosomal subunit with mechanism of action of inhibiting binding of aminoacyl-tRNA

a. Aminoglycosides
b. Tetracycline
c. Chloramphenicol
d. Macrolides

b. 30S ; inhibiting binding of aminoacyl-tRNA

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Tetracycline is acting on _____ ribosomal unit with mechanism of action of _______
a. 50S ; inhibiting binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
b. 30S ; inhibiting binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
c. 50S ; misreading of mRNA
d. 30S ; misreading of mRNA

b. Broad spectrum antibiotic

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Tetracycline is a
a. Narrow spectrum antibiotic
b. Broad spectrum antibiotic
c. Antifungal agent
d. Antiviral agent

c. Doxycycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The safest tetracycline for the kidney
a. Minocycline
b. Tigecycline
c. Doxycycline
d. Gycycline

a. Doxycycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The tetracycline used for:

• Leptospirosis

• Lyme disease

• Brucellosis

• Rickettsia

• Acne vulgaris

• Malaria prophylaxis

a. Doxycycline
b. Tigecycline
c. Minocycline
d. Gycycline

• Leptospirosis

• Lyme disease

• Brucellosis

• Rickettsia

• Acne vulgaris

• Malaria prophylaxis

📌Mnemonic: “LL” “BRAM”

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Doxycycline is used for _________ [6]

c. Minocycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The tetracycline used as an alternative for meningococcemia
a. Doxycycline
b. Tigecycline
c. Minocycline
d. Gycycline

c. Both a and b

• Doxycycline

• MInocycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The tetracycline used for acne vulgaris
a. Doxycycline
b. Minocycline
c. Both a and b
d. Tigecycline

b. Glycylcycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Class of tetracycline that includes tigecycline
a. Aminoglycoside
b. Glycylcycline
c. Macrolide
d. Fluoroquinolone

d. Tigecycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The tetracycline used for:

• Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)

• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a. Doxycycline
b. Minocycline
c. Demeclocycline
d. Tigecycline

a. Complexation with Ca, Al, Mg

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effect of tetracyclines involving complexation with Ca, Al, and Mg
a. Complexation with Ca, Al, Mg
b. Esophageal irritation
c. Hepatotoxicity
d. Photosensitivity

c. Both a and b

• Milk

• Antacids

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Tetracyclines should not be taken with
a. Milk
b. Antacids
c. Both a and b
d. Water

c. Both a and b

• Children

• Pregnant women

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Tetracyclines are contraindicated in
a. Children
b. Pregnant women
c. Both a and b
d. Elderly patients

Take after meals and a full glass of water and should be in upright position for at least 30 minutes

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

To prevent esophageal irritation from tetracyclines, patients should
a. Take after meals and a full glass of water and should be in upright position for at least 30 minutes
b. Take before meals with a small glass of water
c. Take with milk to coat the esophagus
d. Take lying down to prevent irritation

c. Teeth discoloration and impaired bone growth

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Effect on teeth and bone caused by complexation of tetracycline with Ca, Al, Mg
a. Photosensitivity
b. Hepatotoxicity
c. Teeth discoloration and impaired bone growth
d. Esophageal irritation

• Hepatoxicity

• Steatosis (fatty liver)

• Photosensitivity

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Adverse effect of tetracycline include _____ [3]

b. Steatosis

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Adverse effect of tetracycline described as "fatty liver"
a. Hepatotoxicity
b. Steatosis
c. Esophageal irritation
d. Photosensitivity

d. Photosensitivity

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Adverse effect of tetracycline requiring patient protection from sunlight
a. Steatosis
b. Hepatotoxicity
c. Esophageal irritation
d. Photosensitivity

c. Demeclocycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Tetracycline with the greatest degree of photosensitivity

a. Doxycycline
b. Minocycline
c. Demeclocycline
d. Tigecycline

c. Demeclocycline

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The tetracycline used for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion)
a. Doxycycline
b. Minocycline
c. Demeclocycline
d. Tigecycline

a. SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion)

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Demeclocycline is used for
a. SIADH
b. MRSA
c. SSTI
d. Acne vulgaris

b. 50S ; inhibits peptidyltransferase

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Chloramphenicol binds to the ______ ribosomal subunit and inhibits ______
a. 30S ; inhibits peptidyltransferase
b. 50S ; inhibits peptidyltransferase
c. 30S ; causes misreading of mRNA
d. 50S ; causes misreading of mRNA

• Palmitate (old form)

• Succinate (parenteral form)

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Forms of Chloramphenicol [2]

b. Palmitate

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The oral form of Chloramphenicol
a. Succinate
b. Palmitate
c. Acetate
d. Phosphate

a. Succinate

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The parenteral form of Chloramphenicol
a. Succinate
b. Palmitate
c. Acetate
d. Phosphate

a. Typhoid fever

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

BEQ: Chloramphenicol is used against _______ and is diagnosed using the Widal test
a. Typhoid fever
b. Tularemia
c. Leptospirosis
d. Lyme disease

a. Widal test

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

BEQ:Chloramphenicol is used against Typhoid fever and is diagnosed using the ______
a. Widal test
b. Weil-Felix test
c. Mantoux test
d. VDRL test

a. Aplastic anemia

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effect of Chloramphenicol characterized by absence of all blood cells due to problematic nitroreduction
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Gray baby syndrome
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Thrombocytopenia

b. Nitroreduction

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Aplastic anemia is a side effect of Chloramphenicol characterized by absence of all blood cells due to _________
a. Glucuronidation
b. Nitroreduction
c. Acetylation
d. Methylation

b. Gray baby syndrome

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effect of Chloramphenicol characterized by a gray discoloration in neonates due to problematic glucuronidation
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Gray baby syndrome
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Thrombocytopenia

a. Glucuronidation

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Gray baby syndrome is a side effect of Chloramphenicol characterized by a gray discoloration in neonates due to problematic ________
a. Glucuronidation
b. Nitroreduction
c. Acetylation
d. Methylation

b. 50S ; translocation

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Macrolides bind to the ________ ribosomal subunit and inhibit _______
a. 30S ; translocation
b. 50S ; translocation
c. 30S ; peptidyltransferase
d. 50S ; peptidyltransferase

a. Atypical bacteria

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Macrolides are used against _______
a. Atypical bacteria
b. Gram-positive bacteria only
c. Gram-negative bacteria only
d. Fungi

c. Azithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Macrolides are enzyme inhibitors except
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Azithromycin
d. All of the above

a. Iloilo

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Erythromycin was discovered in
a. Iloilo
b. Manila
c. Cebu
d. Davao

• Ilosone

• Ilotycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Common brand names for Erythromycin [2]

a. Estolate

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The best preparation of Erythromycin
a. Estolate
b. Stearate
c. Ethylsuccinate
d. Lactobionate

a. Erythromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This macrolide is used as an alternative if patient is allergic to penicillin
a. Erythromycin

b. Clarithromycin

c. Azithromycin

d. All of the above

a. Erythromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This macrolide is a prokinetic agent that increases motility and causes diarrhea
a. Erythromycin

b. Clarithromycin

c. Azithromycin

d. All of the above

a. Erythromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide used against pertussis (whooping cough)
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

a. Ophthalmia neonatorum gonorrhea

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide used as a prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum gonorrhea
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

a. Diarrhea

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Side effect of Erythromycin

a. Diarrhea
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Gray baby syndrome
d. Nephrotoxicity

c. Azithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide that is not an enzyme inhibitor
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Azithromycin
d. Roxithromycin

b. Clarithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This drug is used againts:

• PUD (H. pylori)

• M. avium complex (AIDS)

a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

b. Clarithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide used for H. pylori infection
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

b. Clarithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide used for M. avium complex in AIDS patients
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

c. Roxithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide used for respiratory tract infection
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

a. Zithromax

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The brand name for Azithromycin
a. Zithromax
b. Biaxin
c. Ilosone
d. Rulid

d. Azithromycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The macrolide with the best activity against atypical bacteria
a. Erythromycin
b. Clarithromycin
c. Roxithromycin
d. Azithromycin

a. True

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Azithromycin penetrates the tissue rapidly and is slowly released
a. True

b. False

a. 3 days only

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Azithromycin is given for URTI for how many days?
a. 3 days only
b. 5 days only
c. 7 days only
d. 10 days only

b. 5 days only

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Azithromycin is given for pneumonia for how many days?
a. 3 days only
b. 5 days only
c. 7 days only
d. 10 days only

a. QT prolongation (ECG) —→ cardiac problems

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effect of Azithromycin that involves the heart
a. QT prolongation (ECG)
b. Diarrhea
c. Hepatotoxicity
d. Nephrotoxicity

b. Lincosamide

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Clindamycin is a _______
a. Macrolide
b. Lincosamide
c. Aminoglycoside
d. Tetracycline

a. Peptide bond formation

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Clindamycin inhibits _______
a. Peptide bond formation
b. Translocation
c. Peptidyltransferase
d. Aminoacyl-tRNA binding

a. Clindamycin

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This antibiotic is used againts:

• Anaerobic infection (above the diaphragm)

• Gram-positive cocci

a. Clindamycin
b. Erythromycin
c. Azithromycin
d. Clarithromycin

• Pseudomembranous colitis

• Disulfiram-like reactions

• Gastric irritation

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Side effects of Clindamycin [3]

a. Pseudomembranous colitis

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effect of Clindamycin characterized by severe diarrhea caused by C. difficile
a. Pseudomembranous colitis
b. Disulfiram-like reactions
c. Gastric irritation
d. QT prolongation

a. Disulfiram-like reactions

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Clindamycin causes ________ when combined with alcohol
a. Disulfiram-like reactions
b. Pseudomembranous colitis
c. Gastric irritation
d. QT prolongation

a. Gastric irritation

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Clindamycin should be taken with food to avoid
a. Gastric irritation
b. Pseudomembranous colitis
c. Disulfiram-like reactions
d. QT prolongation

a. Oxazolidinone

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Linezolid is an
a. Oxazolidinone
b. Streptogramin
c. Lincosamide
d. Macrolide

a. 23S (50S) ribosomal subunit

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Linezolid binds to the
a. 23S (50S) ribosomal subunit
b. 30S ribosomal subunit
c. 50S ribosomal subunit only
d. 40S ribosomal subunit

• Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Linezolid is used against
a. VRSA and MRSA
b. Gram-negative organisms
c. Atypical bacteria
d. Fungi

c. Linezolid

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

This antibiotic is used againts:

• Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a. Quinupristin
b. Dalfopristin
c. Linezolid
d. Clindamycin

• Low platelets (Thrombocytopenia)

• High serotonin (Serotonin syndrome)

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Side effect of Linezolid [2]

a. Streptogramins

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Quinupristin and Dalfopristin are
a. Streptogramins
b. Oxazolidinones
c. Lincosamides
d. Macrolides

a. Streptogramin B

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Quinupristin is also known as
a. Streptogramin B
b. Streptogramin A
c. Oxazolidinone A
d. Oxazolidinone B

a. Streptogramin A

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

Dalfopristin is also known as
a. Streptogramin A
b. Streptogramin B
c. Oxazolidinone A
d. Oxazolidinone B

• Arthralgia

• Myalgia

[Protein Synthesis Inhibitor]

The side effects of streptogramins include
a. Arthralgia and myalgia
b. Diarrhea and nausea
c. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
d. Photosensitivity and esophageal irritation