CHAPTER 4: PLANT TISSUE

Plant Tissue

collection of similar or group of cells performing on organized function of plant

Meristematic Tissue

contains living cells with varied shapes and possess large nuclei.

apical meristem

can be found in roots, shoots, and stem; enables plants to increase in length.

lateral meristems

found on the SIDES of the stem; responsible for growth in thickness

intercalary meristems

found in nodes; increase the length of plant’s organ.

permanent tissue

derived from meristematic tissues; matured product of meristematic activity. Performs photosynthesis, storage, and transportation of food and water.

simple permanent tissue

composed of cells that are structurally and functionally alike.

Epidermis

protective layer; outermost covering tissues. Contains cutin/cuticle.

Cutin/cuticle

a waxy substance that prevents water from escaping and protect invasion of pathogens

phellem or cork

major protective tissue that replaces epidermis; outer protective layer; prevents reduction of water evaporation, protect inner tissue from extreme temperature, mechanical injury, and fire.

trichosome

outgrowth from epidermal cells; leaf hairs that protects against herbivores and damaging solar radiation.

Parenchyma

have thin cell wall; responsible for photosynthesis, storage of water, fats, and starch. Found in soft parts of pants. Contain large intercellular spaces and each has vacuole.

Collenchyma

has thicker walls than parenchyma, thickened by pectin and cellulose. Provide flexible structure and allows petioles to bend and stretch without breaking.

Sclerenchymma

has the thickest cell wall. woody tissue in stem/trunk of a tree. Thickened by ligin and cellulose. Provide strength and support to plants.

fibers

dead tissue that make up rope and fabrics.

sclereids

hard shell coatings

complex permanent tissue

made of more than one type of cell which coordinates to perform a function. Found in vascular bundles.

xylem

transport minerals and water upward from the roots. Contains tube-like structure that help in transport which is the tracheid and vessel

phloem

contains living tissue. Has four elements: sleve tube, companion cells, phloem fibers and parenchyma. Transport sugar produce by photosynthesis to all parts of the plants.

stoma

opening in the leaf for exchange of water and gases.

root hairs

increase root surface