Italian Verb Conjugations: Passato, Imperfetto, Future

Passato prossimo with essere

Passato prossimo with essere must match in gender and number to the subject.

Verbs that use essere in the passato prossimo

Andare: to go, Cadere: to fall, Costare: to cost/ to be worth, Diventare: to become, Entrare: to enter, Essere: to be, Morire: to die, Nascere: to be born, Piacere: to please/ to like, Restare: to stay/ to remain, Salire: to climb/ to get up/ to get on (bus/train), Scendere: to go down/ to get down.

Irregular past participles

Essere -> stato, Morire -> morto, Nascere -> nato, Piacere -> piaciuto, Rimanere -> rimasto, Scendere -> sceso, Venire -> venuto, Vivere -> vissuto.

Bere

To drink; Bere has an irregular stem -bev.

Conjugation of Bere

Bevo, Bevi, Beve, Beviamo, Bevete, bevono.

Reflexive verbs

Reflexive verbs reflect the action of the verb back to the subject.

Common reflexive verbs

Addormentarsi: to fall asleep, Alzarsi: to get up, Annoiarsi: to get/be bored, Arrabbiarsi: to get angry, Chiamarsi: to be called (name), Divertirsi: to have fun, Farsi male: to hurt oneself, Fermarsi: to stop oneself, Innamorarsi: to fall in love, Lamentarsi (di): to complain (about), Laurearsi: to graduate college, Mettersi: to put on, Pettinarsi: to comb/brush one's hair, Preoccuparsi (di): to worry (about), Prepararsi: to get ready, Radersi: to shave, Rendersi conto (di): to realize, Riposarsi: to relax, Sbagliarsi: to make a mistake, Sedersi: to sit down, Spogliarsi: to undress, Sposarsi: to get married, Truccarsi: to put makeup on, Vestirsi: to get dressed, Svegliarsi: to wake up.

Common reciprocal verbs

Abbracciarsi: to hug each other, Aiutarsi: to help each other, Amarsi: to love each other, Baciarsi: to kiss each other, Chiamarsi: to call each other, Conoscersi: to know each other, Darsi: to give each other, Guardarsi: to look at each other, Incontrarsi: to meet each other, Innamorarsi: to fall in love with each other, Lasciarsi: to leave each other/ to split up, Odiarsi: to hate each other, Parlarsi: to speak to each other, Salutarsi: to greet each other, Scriversi: to write to each other, Separarsi: to get separated from each other, Sposarsi: to get married to each other, Telefonarsi: to phone each other, Vedersi: to see each other.

The Imperfetto

-vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano.

Irregular imperfetto of Essere

Ero, Eri, Era, Eravamo, Eravate, Erano.

Irregular imperfetto of Bere

Bevevo, Bevevi, Beveva, Bevevamo, Bevevate, Bevevano.

Irregular imperfetto of Dire

Dicevo, Dicevi, Diceva, Dicevamo, Dicevate, Dicevano.

Irregular imperfetto of Fare

Facevo, Facevi, Faceva, Facevamo, Facevate, Facevano.

Future semplice

-are -ere -ire endings are the same; For -are endings you change the -a to an -e.

Future semplice endings

-ó, -ai, -á, -emo, -ete, -anno.

Informal imperative

Imperativo is a verb form used for commands, requests, suggestions, and giving instructions/directions.

Imperative endings for -are verbs

-a, -iamo, -ate.

Imperative endings for -ere verbs

-i, -iamo, -ete.

Imperative endings for -ire verbs

-i, -iamo, -ite.

Avere imperative forms

-abbi, -abbiamo, -abbiate.

Essere imperative forms

-sii, -siamo, -siate.

Irregular -tu forms

Dire only has an irregular form -di'; A few verbs have irregular -tu forms that can be used interchangeably with the regular present-tense forms.

Irregular -tu forms of Andare

-va'/vai.

Irregular -tu forms of Dare

da'/dai.

Irregular -tu forms of Fare

fa'/fai.

Irregular -tu forms of Stare

sta'/stai.