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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Innate Immune Response notes.
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Innate Immune Response
The body's immediate, non-specific defense system present at all times, comprising physical barriers, tissue-resident cells, and soluble mediators that limit infection and prime adaptive immunity.
PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern)
Microbial components recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect infection.
DAMP (Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern)
Endogenous molecules released from damaged or dying cells that activate PRRs and promote innate inflammation.
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Receptors on immune cells that detect PAMPs and DAMPs and can mediate phagocytosis or signaling to initiate immune responses.
TLR (Toll-Like Receptor)
A family of PRRs that detect microbial components; several TLRs are located on the plasma membrane while others reside in endosomes.
Endosomal TLRs
TLRs located in endosomal membranes (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9) that sense nucleic acids from pathogens.
Plasma Membrane TLRs
TLRs on the cell surface (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6) that detect extracellular microbial components.
Inflammasome
A cytosolic multiprotein complex that activates caspase-1, leading to production of IL-1β and IL-18 and promoting inflammation.
Caspase-1
An enzyme activated by inflammasomes that cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active inflammatory cytokines.
IL-1β and IL-18
Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced after inflammasome activation that drive inflammation and leukocyte recruitment.
Tissue-Resident Cells
Cells stationed in tissues (e.g., macrophages) that initiate innate responses upon detecting pathogens or damage.
First and Second Line of Defense
Innate immune framework: barrier/sentinel functions (first line) and effector responses like inflammation (second line) that act rapidly.
Physical and Chemical Barriers
Epithelial barriers and secretions that prevent pathogen entry (skin, mucosa, antimicrobial substances).
Inflammation and Vasodilation
Inflammatory response involving increased blood flow and vascular permeability to recruit immune cells.
Cytokines
Signaling proteins released to orchestrate and regulate immune responses and inflammation.
Innate Immune Cells (Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells)
Key effector cells of innate immunity with roles in phagocytosis, pathogen killing, and modulation of inflammation.
Tissue Repair Activation
Innate signals promote tissue repair and resolution after infection or injury.
Adaptive Immunity Activation (basics in context)
Innate signals help trigger the development of antigen-specific adaptive responses for long-term protection.