Innate Immune Response - Vocabulary Flashcards

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Innate Immune Response notes.

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18 Terms

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Innate Immune Response

The body's immediate, non-specific defense system present at all times, comprising physical barriers, tissue-resident cells, and soluble mediators that limit infection and prime adaptive immunity.

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PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern)

Microbial components recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect infection.

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DAMP (Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern)

Endogenous molecules released from damaged or dying cells that activate PRRs and promote innate inflammation.

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Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Receptors on immune cells that detect PAMPs and DAMPs and can mediate phagocytosis or signaling to initiate immune responses.

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TLR (Toll-Like Receptor)

A family of PRRs that detect microbial components; several TLRs are located on the plasma membrane while others reside in endosomes.

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Endosomal TLRs

TLRs located in endosomal membranes (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9) that sense nucleic acids from pathogens.

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Plasma Membrane TLRs

TLRs on the cell surface (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6) that detect extracellular microbial components.

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Inflammasome

A cytosolic multiprotein complex that activates caspase-1, leading to production of IL-1β and IL-18 and promoting inflammation.

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Caspase-1

An enzyme activated by inflammasomes that cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active inflammatory cytokines.

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IL-1β and IL-18

Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced after inflammasome activation that drive inflammation and leukocyte recruitment.

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Tissue-Resident Cells

Cells stationed in tissues (e.g., macrophages) that initiate innate responses upon detecting pathogens or damage.

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First and Second Line of Defense

Innate immune framework: barrier/sentinel functions (first line) and effector responses like inflammation (second line) that act rapidly.

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Physical and Chemical Barriers

Epithelial barriers and secretions that prevent pathogen entry (skin, mucosa, antimicrobial substances).

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Inflammation and Vasodilation

Inflammatory response involving increased blood flow and vascular permeability to recruit immune cells.

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Cytokines

Signaling proteins released to orchestrate and regulate immune responses and inflammation.

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Innate Immune Cells (Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells)

Key effector cells of innate immunity with roles in phagocytosis, pathogen killing, and modulation of inflammation.

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Tissue Repair Activation

Innate signals promote tissue repair and resolution after infection or injury.

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Adaptive Immunity Activation (basics in context)

Innate signals help trigger the development of antigen-specific adaptive responses for long-term protection.