Antigen Recognition and Presentation

What is associated with PAMPS

Cell wall, LPS, peptidoglycan, CpG, terminal mannose residue, dsRNA

What is associated with DAMPS

HMGB1, extracellular ATP

What are the hallmarks of PRR

In germline of all cells, limited in diversity

What is the meaning of nonclonal PRR

Have identical receptors on all cells of the same lineage

Extracellular compartment has what receptor

TLR, C-like lectin

Cytosol has what receptor

NLR, RLR, CDS

Endosome has what receptor

TLR

What are TLR on cell surface specific for

Microbial protein, lipid and polysaccaride

What are endosome TLR specific for

Nucleic acids from digested microbes

What are the signaling functions of TLR

Acute inflammation, stimulation of adaptive immunity, antiviral state

What adaptor proteins/transcription factors does TIR recruit

IRF and NF-kb

What does NF-kb do

Increase expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules and costimulator

What does IRF do

Produce IFN alpha and beta

NF-kb activation is associated with what effect

Acute inflammation and stimulation of adaptive immunity

IRF activation is associated with what effect

Antiviral state

What does TLR-3 do in endosome

Binds to dsRNA and signals IFN gene expression by TRIF

What does TLR-7 in endosome do

Binds to ssRNA and signals IFN gene expression by MyD88

What are the 3 domains of the NLR

C-terminal, Central, N-terminal

What do NLR recognize

Peptides from bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan

What is the C-terminal of NLR

Leucine rich repeat

What is the function of the C-terminal of NLR

Sense presence of ligand

What is the central part of NLR

NAIP, CITA, HET-E, TPI and NOD

What is the function of central in NLR

Bind to each other to form oligomer

What is the N terminal in NLR

Effector domain (CARD, PYD and BIR)

What is the function of N terminal in NLR

Recruit other protein to form signal complex

What is the order of induction for NLR activation

RIP2 recruitment >TAK1 activation > NF-kb activation

What makes up the inflammasome

Sensor (NLRP3), Adaptor, Inactive Caspase 1

What causes inflammasome response

Microbial product, endogenous crystal, extracellular ATP, Reduction of K+, ROS

What causes autoinflammatory syndomes

Gain/loss of function in NLRP3

What does extracellular ATP indicate

Mitochondrial damage

What does cytoplasmic K+ reduction indicate

Infection and cell stress

What is pyroptosis

Programmed cell death of macrophage and dendritic cell

What does RLR sense

Viral RNA

What are component of viral RNA

Long dsRNA, RNA with 5-triphosphate moiety

What does RLR interact with after binding to viral RNA

MAVS

What does MAVS do

Start signaling event for induction of type 1 IFN and proinflammatory cytokines

What is the process of CSDs

cGAS activate cGAMP which binds to STING

What does STING do

Starts signal event to express and activate type 1 IFN and autophagy

What is CD206

Mannose receptor

What does CD206 do

Recognize sugars on microbial surface (D-mannose, L-fucose)

What do dectins do

Bind to fungal beta glycan

What do scavenger receptors do

Mediate uptake of oxidized lipoprotein into cell

What do scavenger receptors recognize

LPS, lipoteichoic acid, nucleic acid, beta glycan, protein

Where are N-formyl Met-Leu-Phe receptors expressed

Neutrophil and macrophage

What do N-formyl Met-Leu-Phe receptors recognize

Bacterial peptides with N-formylmethionyl residue