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Russo-Japanese War
Feb 1904-1905
The Treaty of Portsmouth
September 1905
Bloody Sunday
9th January 1905
How many people marched in Bloody Sunday?
100,000 people
How many people died in Bloody Sunday?
Up to 200 people were killed by Cossack troops
The October Manifesto
October 1905
The Fundamental Laws
Issued only 6 months after the October Manifesto in April of 1906
The first Duma was dissolved only __ months after first meeting, because…
2 months; because they were unhappy with the Fundamental Laws, being made up of Mensheviks and SRs.
How the Duma elections were rigged
It would take only 230 votes from a landowner to get someone elected into the Duma, however it would take 60,000 peasant votes and 125,000 proletariat votes.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
June of 1914
Russia would declare war on Germany and Austria on…
1st of August 1914
When did the Tsar declare himself Commander-In-Chief?
September of 1915
The ‘ministerial leapfrogging’ in government: statistics
Internal Affairs: 5
Prime Minister: 4
Agriculture: 4
Foreign Affairs: 3
War: 3
Transport: 3
The Russian army had ___ soldiers, but only ___ rifles to give them.
5 million, 4.6 million
February Revolution: Dates
23rd February - 3rd March
The Tsar’s abdication
2nd of March 1917
Order No. 1
March 1st, 1917
The April Theses
April 7th 1917
The Summer Offensive
June-July 1917
When did anarchy in the countryside begin?
May 1917
During the Summer of 1917, ___ instances of land seizure occurred.
240
The Provisional Government aimed to incentivise selling of grain by … which didn’t work because …
…increasing the amount of money they purchase grain for by 100% … the peasants had nothing to use this money for due to a lack of consumer goods.
The July Days - date and stat
Trotsky speech on July 2nd, 500,000 people violently demonstrated against the PG
The Kornilov Affair
Late August
October Revolution
23rd to 25th October 1917
___ was Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, and in ___ ___% of the seats belonged to the Bolsheviks, ___% in the Moscow Soviet, as well as holding a majority in ___ other Soviets in large industrial cities.
Trotsky, November 1917, 90%, 60%, 80
In the elections for the Constituent Assembly, SR’s got ___%. The Bolsheviks got ___% of the vote.
38%, 23%
In the first ___ months of Bolshevik rule, Sovnarkom issued ___ decrees.
6 months, 116
Peace Decree and Land Decree
25th of October
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on…
…March 3rd, 1918
7 countries / states lost to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Ukraine
Poland
Finland
Georgia
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Russia lost ___ of their iron and coal reserves and ___ of their population to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, as well as over a ___ square miles of land
three quarters, a third, a million
The Tsar’s family was executed on…
17th of July 1918
The Civil War: Dates
November 1917 to October 1922
By ___ there were ___ men in the Red Army, however by ___ there had also been ___ deserters.
1920, 5 million, 1921, 4 million
When was War Communism?
1918-1921
As early as ___, bread rationing had reached an all-time low of ___ per day.
1918, 50 grams
The 1921 famine claimed between ___ and ___ lives.
5 and 6 million
Less than ___ of food came from rationing - the rest came from ___.
A third, the black market
Official records put the death count at the hands of the Cheka at ___, with modern estimates believing it to be closer to ___.
13,000, 500,000.
Lenin’s orders to quell anarchy in the countryside
He ordered ‘no fewer than a hundred kulaks, bloodsuckers, and rich-bags to be hung in full sight of the people’.
Kronstadt Revolt: Date
1st to 18th March 1921
The 10th Party Congress: Date
8th to 16th of March 1921
In Petrograd the death rate had increased ___ during the age of ___.
Fourfold, War Communism
In ___, industrial output was ___% of its ___ level.
1921, 16%, 1912
Between ___ and ___, grain harvests had increased by over ___%.
1920, 1926, 100%
By ___, ___% of industry was under the operation of the vesenkha.
1919, 80%
When was Nomenklatura established?
1923
Lenin’s Death + Funeral (Date)
January 1924
____ people lined up to view Lenin’s body lying in rest.
3.5 million
When was Lenin’s Last Will and Testament
Scribed in 1923
___ people voted in favour of releasing the Last Will and Testament, whereas ___ people voted against releasing it.
10, 44
The First Five Year Plan: Date
October 1928 to the end of 1932
During the first Five Year Plan, coal, steel, and pig iron all increased by ___ times.
1.8x
The Second Five Year Plan: Date
1932 - 1937
During the Second Five Year Plan, ___ production ___ and ___ production increased by ___ times.
coal, doubled, pig iron, 2.5 times
The Third Five Year Plan - Planned and Actual Dates
Planned: 1938 - 1943
Actual: 1938 - June of 1941
In Germany, only ___ of all German workers worked in a factory with over a thousand men in employment. In Russia, nearly a ___ of workers worked in factories of this size.
8%, quarter
The Great Dnieper Dam increased Russian electrical output ___.
Fivefold
In ___, the Gulag population totalled ___ inmates, increasing rapidly during ___.
1936, 5 million, the Terror
In 1930, the average worker in the coal industry turned over ___ jobs per year
3
Stakhanovite dug out ___ times his quota.
14
In mid-1929, only __% of peasants worked on collective farms. Stalin aimed to collectivise __% of grain-producing areas by the end of 1930.
5%, 25%
By ___, __% of peasant households had been collectivised
1936, 90%
Produce levels remained ___ pre-collectivisation numbers until ___.
Below, 1935
Over the course of the ____, state procurement of grain more than ___.
First Five Year Plan, doubled
Robert Conquest theorised that ___ people died as a result of the Holodomor
7 million
Prior to Stalin, party membership never rose above __% of the total Russian population.
5%
The Shakty Trial: in ___, ___ engineers were accused with conspirring to sabotage the economy. __ of them were shot and __ sent to labour camps.
1928, 53, 5, 44
__% of the party was purged throughout 1930.
20%
The Chitska
1928-33
The 17th Party Congress: Year
1934
Kirov’s Murder: Full Date
1st of December 1934
The Terror: Dates
September 1936 to November 1938
The Three Major Show Trials: Dates and Victims
1936: Zinoviev and Kamenev
1937: Pyatakov and Radek
1938: Rykov, Bukharin, and Yagoda
Date when Yezhov replaced Yagoda
September of 1936
NKVD Order 00447 Date
July 1937
Approximately ___ people were arrested as a result of Order 00447, with initial quotas being only ___ people.
800,000, 250,000
__% of Central Committee members elected in the 17th Party Congress were shot due to their …
__ generals, who were all extremely experienced heroes of the Civil War, were shot
Robert Conquest estimates that between __ and __ million people were executed
70% … allegiance to Kirov
8
1-1.5
__% of divorces were initiated by men, and only __% were mutual.
70%, 7%
Abortion rates rose greatly and birth rates were dropping. Women were also often pressured into abortions by their partners. In 1934, there were __births per ____people, and __ abortions per ____.
16, thousand, 42, thousand
In ___ the cost of funding nationwide creches, kitchens, and kindegartens were calculated and they totalled ____.
1922, more than the entire national budget
The Family Code of ___
1936
Failures of the Great Retreat
The divorce / marriage ratio was not much better than in 1934
Birth rate only slightly increased
Household desertion by fathers remained a huge issue
The Liquidation of Illiteracy - date
1919
The illiteracy rate in ___ was nearly __%.
1919, 65%
Education was not a valid vehicle for spreading Communist values because only __% of teachers were Communist
5%
The Decree on the Separation of Church and State - date
January 1918
By the end of the ___, __% of village Churches had closed
1930s, 80%
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: Year
1939
Germany had a massive invading force of ___ people, which was…
3 million, the largest to that point
By ___, German forces had captured an area …
mid-1941, twice the size of Germany.
The siege of Leningrad: dates
Late 1941 to early 1944 - nearly 900 days
Fall of Kiev - Date
Late / September 1941
The successful Soviet counter-attack was during ___. The Soviet forces were able to force back Axis forces as far as ___ km in some cases.
December, 300 km
Battle of Stalingrad: Date
July 1942 - February 1943 / mid-1942 to early 1943
Order 227 - date
Issued in July 1942
After the Battle of Stalingrad, ___ Germans were killed and ___ taken prisoner.
200,000, 90,000.
Approximately ___ factories were relocated to the east of the Urals by the end of 1941, and ___ new enterprises were developed.
1,500, 3,500
A ___ of trucks were from foreign countries.
Third