Untitled Flashcards Set

Psychological Disorders

Patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that cause distress, dysfunction, or deviation from societal norms.

Defining Disorders

Classification of disorders based on functionality, distress, and deviation from social norms.

Diagnostic Tools

Instruments like the DSM-5 and ICD used to diagnose mental disorders based on symptoms, duration, and severity.

Biopsychosocial Model

A model emphasizing the interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences in mental health.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A model suggesting disorders develop when a genetic vulnerability interacts with environmental stressors.

Dysfunction

The degree to which behavior disrupts daily functioning, key in diagnosing disorders.

Distress

The emotional or psychological pain experienced by an individual, important in diagnosis.

Social Norms

Behaviors that align with societal expectations; deviations can define abnormal behavior.

Gratitude

The act of recognizing and appreciating positive aspects of life, enhancing life satisfaction.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, providing criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.

ICD

International Classification of Diseases, a global diagnostic tool for consistency in mental health treatment.

Eclectic Approach

Combining multiple therapeutic perspectives for a comprehensive treatment plan.

Behavioral Perspective

Focus on learned behaviors and associations causing psychological disorders.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Focus on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences affecting behavior.

Humanistic Perspective

Emphasis on fulfilling personal potential and the role of social support in mental health.

Cognitive Perspective

Focus on maladaptive thoughts and beliefs influencing emotions and behaviors.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A goal-oriented therapy aimed at changing negative thoughts and behaviors.

Cognitive Restructuring

Identifying and challenging negative thoughts to replace them with rational beliefs.

Behavioral Activation

Encouraging positive actions to boost mood and motivation.

Exposure Therapy

Gradual exposure to fears to reduce anxiety and build confidence.

Evolutionary Perspective

Focus on behaviors related to survival, which may now be maladaptive.

Sociocultural Perspective

Examines social and cultural influences on mental health.

Biological Perspective

Focuses on genetic and physiological factors in mental health conditions.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders like ADHD and ASD affecting childhood behavior and cognition.

Mood Disorders

Disorders like depression and bipolar disorders impacting emotional states.

Anxiety Disorders

Conditions characterized by excessive fear and worry.

Schizophrenia Spectrum

Mental disorders involving hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Includes obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors).

Dissociative Amnesia

Memory loss due to trauma.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Condition marked by flashbacks, hypervigilance, and detachment after traumatic events.

Eating Disorders

Disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involving extreme eating behaviors.

Personality Disorders

Long-term patterns of behavior deviating from social norms affecting relationships and emotional regulation.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Research shows positive outcomes in evidence-based treatments, including CBT.

Coping Mechanisms

Strategies for managing stress such as problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.

Social Support

Connections that reduce stress and promote resilience through emotional and practical help.

Positive Psychology

Focus on strengths and positive experiences to enhance happiness and well-being.

Posttraumatic Growth (PTG)

Positive changes following trauma, leading to resilience and new perspectives.

Stress and Health Connection

Stress influences physical health, like hypertension and immune suppression.