PRELIM: AI Integration (3)

Hematocrit and plasma protein concentration

Increased blood viscosity is primarily determined by:

Better sample quality and larger volume with fewer contaminants

A key advantage of venipuncture over fingerstick when adequate veins exist is:

Licensed medical technologists and trained phlebotomists per institutional policy

Personnel who may perform venipuncture include:

A mnemonic referencing their predominance as first responders

“LDOC” associated with neutrophils in these notes most closely relates to:

No more than 1 minute before venipuncture

To minimize tourniquet‑induced hemoconcentration, apply the tourniquet for:

Hemoconcentration and spurious analyte elevation

Excessive fist clenching and massaging before draw can cause:

Are difficult to penetrate and may not yield adequate blood

Sclerosed or occluded veins are poor choices because they:

Causing hemoconcentration

Dehydration may falsely increase measured values by:

It lies in proximity to nerves and the brachial artery

In avoiding nerve injury, the basilic vein is less preferred because:

Bouncy, resilient feel and direction

When palpating a suitable vein, you assess for:

Alcohol swab in concentric circles, then allow to air‑dry

Skin antisepsis before venipuncture typically uses:

The tube’s stopper is pierced, engaging vacuum

After needle insertion, blood flow into an evacuated tube begins when:

Hemolysis of red cells

Excessive tube shaking can cause:

Mix blood with additives to prevent clotting or ensure proper action

Gentle inversion of additive tubes immediately after fill is necessary to:

Hemolyzed, contaminated sample with altered analytes

Drawing from a site with a hematoma may result in:

Sodium citrate (light blue)

For coagulation testing, the recommended tube is:

Prolonged clotting times due to excess anticoagulant

Incomplete filling of a citrate tube can cause:

EDTA

For CBC (complete blood count), the preferred additive is:

Certified low‑metal contamination (royal blue)

Trace element testing requires tubes:

The central calcaneus to prevent bone injury

In capillary puncture for infants, the safe heel puncture area avoids:

Tissue fluid contamination and hemolysis

During capillary collection, excessive squeezing (“milking”) the site risks:

Higher arterialized values (e.g., higher glucose shortly after meals)

Compared with venous samples, capillary blood may show:

Clotting factors including fibrinogen

A key difference between serum and plasma is the presence in plasma of:

Serum, gel, cells

After centrifugation of an SST, the correct top‑to‑bottom order is:

Release the tourniquet

Before removing the needle, you should:

Simulation with immediate feedback and competency assessment

VR (Virtual Reality) for phlebotomy training primarily offers:

Replacement of professional judgment

A disadvantage of overreliance on AI tools in venipuncture is:

Hemoglobin absorbs NIR, creating contrast with surrounding tissue

Near‑infrared (NIR) imaging identifies veins because:

Improved first‑stick success and reduced discomfort

A practical benefit of AI vein visualization in pediatrics and geriatrics is:

AccuVein and VeinViewer

Examples of AI‑assisted vein visualization devices include:

Ultrasound imaging, AI recognition, robotic guidance

Robotic venipuncture systems typically integrate:

Improved accuracy and reduced human error in suitable cases

A core advantage of robotic venipuncture is:

High equipment cost and need for operator training

A limitation of AI‑guided venipuncture devices is:

Guiding site selection and optimizing depth to prevent injury

In skin puncture procedures, AI could assist by:

Standardized training and error detection before patient contact

Simulation‑based learning with AI contributes to: