Ap bio chapter 1 unit 1-4

tentative

retested with new technology

Gregor Mendel

father of genetics, pea experiment used to prove gene inheritance

Tomas Bohr

created bohr model describes atoms like a solar system

Correlation

mutual relation, data follows same trend

causation

one event or action directly causes another event to happen, creating a clear cause-and-effect relationship

Statistical analysis

the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to find underlying patterns, test hypotheses, and guide decision-making

Model Organisms

choosing the correct subject,

similar to what you are testing

Growth and Development

Cells divide

Gametes

two parents reproductive cells, called gametes, to create offspring

sexual reprod.

Somatic cells

regular body and tissue cells

Asexual reproduction

creates new offspring from a single parent

produce genetic clones

Fermentation

Bacteria’s way of consuming energy

ATP

usable energy

product of cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration

glucose (sugar) and oxygen turn into carbon dioxide, water, and energy

4 macromolecules

carbs, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

Homeostasis

regulated state

Positive feed back

increase of stimuli

ex.) blood clotting

Negative feedback

Decreases stimuli

temperature regulation

insulin released by pancreas to absorb blood sugar

Eukaryotic cells

has a nucleus

membrane bound structures

prokaryotic cells

No nucleus (DNA floats in the cytoplasm region called the nucleoid)

Always unicellular (Bacteria and Archaea)

Percent of life is

98% water

CHNOPS

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur

Building blocks of life

Macro elements

98%-99%

living things need these in large amounds

micro elements

2% required in small amounts to keep cells functioning

H and O make up

50-90% of cells

Calcium

bones, muscles, nerve impulses

Sodium and Potassium

support nerve function via atp production

TRACE elements

required by organisms in minute quantites

iron, oxygen to hemoglobin

zinc, enzymes

colbalt, B12, DNA, RNA production bloodcell formation

Iodine, thyroid function

molecular shape

determines how molecules will respond to each other

water is a universal solvent because

of its polarity

the earth is

70% water

97% salt water 3% fresh water

2% frozen

1%is liquid

50-90% of cells is water

cohesion

two of the same molecules attracted to each other

adhesion

two different molecules attracted to each other

surface tension

caused by cohesive bonds at the surface of a liquid