aphg

large scale

a small area

small scale

a large area

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Robinson projection

Mercator projection

space time compression

tech makes the world “smaller”

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choloropleth map

proportional symbol map

dot density map

isarithmic map

flow map

cartogram

birth/death rate

per 1000

absolute location

exact location

relative location

in relation to others

Place

location with meaning, characteristics

time distance decay

more time since, less influence

expansion diffusion

hierarchical, contagious, stimulus

relocation diffusion

moves with people

hierarchical diffusion

one powerful group outwards

contagious diffusion

quick and widespread diffusion

stimulus diffusion

main idea spreads with slight changes

cartographic scale

size of a feature on a map vs real world

formal region

area with the same characteristics

functional region

connected through nodes and flows of goods and services

vernacular region

common perceptions/experiences/culture

possibilism

humans can alter the landscape

site

exact location

situation

relates location to surroundings

1st agricultural rev

Neolithic Revolution, hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement. It occurred around 10,000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East

2nd agricultural rev

18th-20th century, new farming techniques, such as crop rotation, selective breeding, and the use of machinery. population growth and urbanization.

green revolution/3rd

1940s-1960s. use of high-yielding crop varieties, irrigation systems, and fertilizers, hurt enviro but saved lives

John Snow

diseases can spread through water

arithmetic density

population/area

physiological density

population/arable land

agricultural density

farmers/arable land

DTM 1

high birth and death rate

DTM 2

high birth rate, death rate falls rapidly

DTM 3

falling birth rate, death rate falls slowly

DTM 4

low birth and death rate

DTM 5

rising but low birth rate, low death rate

dependency ratio

those who can’t work vs those can work

infant mortality

0-5 yrs/1000 people

natural increase rate

babies/1000-deaths/1000

total fertility rate

how many children a woman will likely have

total birth rate

average # of births a woman has in her lifetime

epidemiological TM- cause of death

pandemic/starve- better med- chronic disease- longer with chronic- poverty

cornucopian theory

as pop grows, so will food

neo-Malthusians

want to control pop so we have enough food

Ravensteins laws

more likely to urban, young, single, male, short distance

transnational migration

coast to coast

intervening oppurtunity

desired feature for migrants in new place

acculturation

diff cultures interact and mix

folk culture

homogenous isolated people

pop culture

large heterogeneous developed places

isogloss

boundary where words for things change

sequent occupancy

many groups in a place, each impacting culture and landscape

cultural shatterbelts

state breaks from ethnic conflict

long lot survey

lots off rivers

township and range

rectangles

metes and bounds

based off physical features

environmental determinism

enviro controls human behavior

cultural determinism

enviro does not control human behavior

maladaptive diffusion

adopting traits not practical to region

creolization

2 + langs converge into new land

pidgin language

2+ languages meet in a region

proselytic religion

universalizing, forced conversion

organic theory

social/political systems are like organisms, neeed space to survive- expand

heartland theory

controlling interior of Eurasia=dominate world

rimland theory

coast of eurasia= world domination

soverighnty

states authority to govern itself

ethnonationalism

country has 1 common ethnicity, lang, religion

Von Thunen Model

high value crops grown near the city, low values- lumber- ranching

neocolonialism

1. the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.

delimited boundary

drawn on a map

demarcated and natural boundaries

physical boundaries or natural

antedecent boundary

drawn before culture or large pop

subsequent/ethnographic boundaries

cultural

definitional boundary disputes

over legal words

location boundary disputes

disagree on where it should go

irredentism boundary disputes

annex a country becuase of culture

operational boundary disputes

how it should work

allocational boundary disputes

natural resources

hijacking

2 reps from same party forced against eachother

kidnapping

moving office to a location where they are not supported

unitary government

most power to central government

bid rent theory

further from CBD=cheaper land

primate city

large, economically and culturally more dominant city

edge city

more people and businesses in periphery of main city

central place theory

large settlements are central places to get goods and services. consumers go to closest place with good.

urban/metro area

50,000+ pop, city and suburbs

urban cluster

2500-50000 people

micropolitan area

small city and surrounding towns

megalopolis

cities and suburbs grown together

gravity model

movement between area- distanace and pop

concentric zone

circles around CBD

hoyt sector

wedges put from CBD

new urbanism

reverse urban sprawl, walkable

redlining

financial insititutions limit service to certain residences

blockbusting

developers create race panic

depedency theory

LDCs dependent on MDCs for employment and infrastructure