Leadership Across Diciplines Lesson 4 Behavioral Approach

General Perspective of Behavioral Approach

emphasizes leader actions with who they are and what they can do

Task behavior

focus on goal accomplishment and helping group members achieve objectives

Relationship

focus on group comfort with themselves, each other, and the situation

Ohio state research

Examined leaders across settings; found leaders’ typical task behavior was Initiating/providing structure, relationship behavior focused on consideration (nurturing subordinates) Saw task and relationship as two different continuums

Michigan

Focused on leaders in small groups, task behavior was production orientation (stress technical aspects of the job), relationship was employee orientation (human relations) at first saw task and rekation as one continuum but then changed to match Ohio

Leadership grid (Blake and Mouton)

measured based on concern for people and task (production x axis, y is ppl)

Impoverished (1,1)

just goes through the motions, is uninvolved and withdrawn, minimal effort, connected,

Authority Complience (9,1)

Communicates with followers only to provide instructions, results-driven, arranges conditions to minimize human factors

Country Club (1,9)

Deemphasizes production, focuses on attitudes and feelings of people

Middle of the road (5,5)

moderate focus on people and production, prefers middle-ground, avoids conflict

Team (9,9)

Promotes participation and teamwork, ensures employees are involved, interdependent interpretation with work and people, enjoys to work

Paternal/Maternalism

Separates people from tasks, reward, and approval is given to those who are loyal and obedient, gracious for the purpose of goal achievement

Opportunism

Adapt and shift to any style needed to gain max advantage, can be seen as ruthless and cunning or adaptable and strategic, usually has a dominant back-up style

Strengths of Bahvioral Approach

Marked major shift in research, broad range of studies give credibility to the basics of approach, provide useful guide for ppl to reflect on as leaders

Weaknesses of Behavioral Approach

Still no universal leadership style, implies the best is team (9,9), situation not considered in deep depth

different kinds of authentic leadership

intrapersonal, interpersonal, developmental

Intrapersonal

focuses on self-concept and how that self concept relates to actions

interpersonal

created by leaders and followers together

Developmental

authentic leadership can be nurtured and developed over a lifetime

Practical Approach to Leadership (George 2003)

Strong sense of purpose, strong values to do the right thing, establish trusting relationships, demonstrate self-discipline, and show compassion and empathy for others

Theoretical Model

self-awareness (aware and reflective of your values, beliefs, and being, motives, identity), internalized moral perspective, balanced-processing (analyze objectively and seek other opinions, and relational transparency

Differences between practical and theoretical

Parctical provides ways to become an authentic leader while theoretical shows what and Authentic leader is and how that was processed through a lifetime of experience

Strengths of AL

Provides map for becoming an authentic leader, addresses societies need for trustworthiness, and provides a oath for development

Weaknesses of AL

theory development is still early and facing a lot of criticisms, the moral component is subjective, connected with positive psych, and that's not a leadership thing, and there are unclear links between AL and goal achievements/ production success.

Anchoring Effect

Rely heavily on first piece of information you’re presented with

Framing bias

how we react to choices based on if they’re presented to us as a gain or a loss