Contemporary Arts of the Philippine Regions

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the nature/scope of humanities and arts, indigenous Philippine art forms, art integration, and the elements and principles of art.

Humanities

Derived from the Latin word "HUMANUS", it refers to the study of human culture, history, literature, philosophy, and languages.

Arts

Derived from the Latin word "ARS", it refers to something created with imagination and skill that expresses important ideas or feelings.

Plastic Arts

Three-dimensional arts such as sculpture, crafts, costume design, architecture, allied arts, and landscape.

Graphic Arts

Two-dimensional arts such as painting, drawing, and photography.

Literature

The art of combining spoken or written words and their meaning into forms with artistic and emotional appeal.

Drama and Theatre

A story re-created by actors and actresses in front of an audience.

Dance

The most directed art form which utilizes the human body as its medium.

Music

An art of arranging sound in rhythmic succession and generally in combination.

Spoliarium

An 1884 masterpiece by Juan Luna y Novicio depicting dead and dying gladiators being stripped in the basement of the Roman Colosseum.

Indigenous Art

Art made by the indigenous peoples of the Philippines, encompassing folk architecture, weaving, carving, and traditional culture.

Bul-ul

Carved Ifugao Anito figures representing ancestral spirits and granary gods, considered guardians of the harvest.

Hagabi

A chair made of "Narra"; ownership represents the highest class in society and symbolizes power.

Torogan

A traditional Maranao royal house made of hardwoods, serving as a symbol of high social status for a sultan or datu.

Panolong

The carved end beam of the Torogan house.

Sarimanok

A well-known Maranao design of a wooden figure usually perched on a fish, used atop bamboo poles during weddings and festive occasions.

Palayok

A clay pot made from earthenware clay used for traditional food preparation in the Philippines.

Manunggul Jars

National treasures found in Tabon Cave, Palawan, used for burial with dimensions of $66.5\,cm$ height and $51\,cm$ diameter.

Malong

A Maranao textile bearing okir designs, often in red and yellow to represent royalty and aristocracy.

Okir

The Maranao general term for ornamental design, including both scroll and geometric patterns.

Okir a Datu

The "Gentlemen's Design" in Maranao weaving, characterized by dominant spiral patterns.

Okir a Bay

The "Ladies Design" in Maranao weaving, characterized by dominant zigzag and angular patterns.

Tapis

An Ifugao garment worn by wrapping the cloth around the waist; known in Cordillera as alampay.

Pintados

A term used by Spanish colonials to describe the tattoos of the indigenous Cebuano Visayan people.

Moaya

An Ifugao head-hunting necklace made with boar fur, rattan, fiber, bone, and shell.

Linglingo

Silver earrings or necklaces used by Ifugao warriors.

Bawisak

Filipino physical ornaments made of beads and shells.

Art Integration

A movement that puts art at the center of teaching approaches, blending and identifying common denominators to create unique art.

Line

An element defined by a point moving in space which may be 2D, 3D, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

Hue

The specific name of a color.

Value

The property of color relating to its lightness or darkness shade.

Intensity

The quality of color used to produce a value.

Perspective

An element that represents 3D objects on a 2D surface to create a natural illusion of space and depth.

Space

The area in a work of art categorized as positive and negative, used to achieve a sense of depth.

Form

A 3D element that encloses volume, including height, width, and depth.

Shape

A 2D element that is flat and limited to height and width.

Volume

An element of art representing the mass in an artwork or sculpture.

Texture

Refers to the way things feel or look as if they might feel if touched.

Rhythm

A principle indicating movement through the careful placement of repeated elements, exemplified by Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night.

Balance

A condition in which acting influences are held in check by opposing forces to achieve stability or equilibrium.

Symmetrical Balance

The near or exact matching of the left and right sides of a composition.

Emphasis

The focal point of a design that catches the viewer's attention using position, contrast, color intensity, or size.

Subordination

The creation of neutral areas of lesser interest to keep viewers from being distracted from areas of emphasis.

Proportion

The size relationship of two or more subjects or elements to the whole work of art, as seen in Vitruvian Man.

Variety

A principle concerned with diversity or contrast achieved by using juxtaposition and contrasting elements.

Movement

The path the viewer's eye takes through a work of art, often directed along lines, edges, shape, and color.

Unity

The combination of separate parts working together to create a sense of harmony, wholeness, or "oneness".

Pattern

The visual arrangement of elements with a uniform repetition or intelligible sequence.

Contrast

The use of different visual elements in a composition to generate impact, highlight importance, and create visual interest.