Unit 1.1: The New South

A temporary money issued by a bank or company that is only good at that bank or company

Scrip

Widespread racially motivated violence. In this era, it was usually white mobs attacking black neighborhoods in response to a threat to white control or alleged crime

Race riot

What did Ida B wells focus on?

Anti lynching, workers' rights, and women's suffrage

What time period did this take place in?

1870-1910

A claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong, without proof

Alleged

To apply to a higher court for a reversal of a judicial decision

Appeal

The money use to build, run, or grow a business

Capital

Allowed by the U.S constitution

constitutional

The practice of convicted criminals being leased to private businesses for forced work

Convict leasing

Exists by social practice/tradition, not law

De Facto

Exists by law

De Jure

Having the right to vote taken away

Disenfranchisement

Having an economy based on many different sources

Economic diversification

A college or university originally created to educate African American students

HBCU

A system that organizes or ranks people on things, usually based on importance or power

Hierarchy

The basic structures and facilities needed for a society

Infrastructure

A violent uprising against the government

Insurrection

To frightens someone to make them do what is wanted

Intimidate

An official order that allows someone to keep property of a person who owes them money until the debt is paid

Lien

The ability to read

Literacy

The process of taking legal action

Litigation

To kill someone for an alleged offense without a trial, typically done by hanging

Lynching

A building equipped with machinery for manufacturing

Mill

War to stop secession of southern states (1861-1865)

Civil war

What officially abolished slavery?

13th amendment

Federal occupation of Southern states to guide rebuilding after war

Radical reconstruction

What region was the most populated in 1870?

Mid west

What region was least populated in 1870?

West

Region with the most
- Top 10 cities
- Immigrants
- African Americans
- Urban Population

What region did most immigrants come from?
What 2 countries did most immigrants come from?

North East, North East/Mid west, South, and North East. Western Europe, Ireland, and Germany

What region made the most from agriculture? What region's economy was predominantly agriculture? What region made the most from manufacturing & mining? What region's economy was predominantly manufacturing & mining.

Midwest, South, Northeast, Northeast

Which party wanted to end reconstruction, protect civil rights, anti tariff, and thought the government should not be involved with social issues?

Democrats

White working class, small farmers, former confederates, recent immigrants, and Catholics supported which political party?

Democratic

Which party thought reconstruction was still necessary, protecting civil rights is a federal right, pro-tariff, government should be involved in some social issues, and thought the government should provide resources like free land and cheap loans to encourage business growth?

Republican

What did the 13th amendment do?

Abolish slavery

What did the 14th amendment do?

Granted citizenship to all people born in U.S and said all citizens are equal under law

What did the 15th amendment do?

Voting rights cannot be taken away based on race

Name 2 new achievements from the new constitutional amendment

African American Men can vote and are elected to office, freed men could get educated

What were the Redeemers goal?

Restore white supremacy by undoing reconstruction policies

How did the Reedemers gained and kept control?

Violence, intimidation, cheating, fraud, and blackmail

The place where people vote

Poll

Places and services offered to the general public, like restaurants, theaters, and libraries

Public Accommodation-

The office that keeps and processes registrations, such as voting

Registrar

Setting apart or separating by race

Segregation

Farming where the sharecroppers receives land, living quarters, tools, and food in exchange for giving part of their crop to the landowner

Sharecropping

Suffrage

The right to vote

A person who rents land or property

Tenant

A geographical area that is controlled by a government. In the US territories have their own governing bodies, but have not been admitted as states.

Territory

A person without a settled home or regular work who goes from place to place

Vagrant

A person who believes that the white race is superior and should dominate society

White Supremacist

Name the event - Railroad companies crashed, banks collapsed, and unemployment sky-rocketed
Who was blamed for this event?

Panic of 1873, Republicans

Name the event - A white mob killed around 150 members of a black militia protecting elected officials from white Democrats who wanted to overturn an election.

Colfax Massacre

Name the event - The White League attempted to overthrow the Louisiana State Government in New Orleans. Thirty-five people were killed as they forced the Republican Governor to flee, though federal troops kicked the White League out later in the week. Nobody faced punishment for the rebellion and the White League continued to grow.

Battle of Liberty place

US v Cruikshank - The supreme court ruled that the ___ government was responsible to protect the voting rights of people from other individuals, not the ___

state, federal

The compromise of 1877. What does the north receive? What does the south receives?

Rutheford B hayes becomes president, removal of federal troops (ergo end of radical r econstruction)

Did the change in infrastructure and capital increase or decrease during this time period?

Increase

Did the change in manufacturing increase or decrease during this time period?

Increase

3 problems unemployed freedmen had back in reconstruction

no savings, income, or personal property.

Name 3 reasons why the deep south wanted segregation?

Maintain social hierarchy, limit social interaction between races, and prevent intermarriage

Name the solutions to falling crop prices

Grow more cotton and lower the cost of labor

Name the solutions to very little cash

Crop lien system and sharecropping

Name the solutions to the labor system

Hire freedmen and poor workers, make it difficult for people to leave, and share cropping

Name the solutions to the unemployed freedmen

Job training, education, and share-cropping

What was the first laws pertaining to segregation about?

in 1883, the supreme court struck down a law that said segregation in ____ was illegal (meaning, the law was renewed)

After schools and marriages, what other thing were laws targeting to segregate?

___: Supreme court says that segregation is constitutional as long as it follows the idea of "___"

Schools and marriages, public accommodations, transportation, Plessy vs Ferguson, separate but equal

The 2 main methods of disenfranchisement?

Literacy test and Poll tax

Who were the targets of lynching?

Black men accused of a crime

Organized groups dedicated to using violence and terror to maintain white economic, political, and social control

White supremacist organizations

What is the Wilmington Massacre?

Fusion Party made up of Populists and Republicans win elections because there are more black people than white people. After: 2 days later a mob of armed white men went to the office of the African American newspaper and set it on fire. The effect was black population went down and businesses left. This led to white supremacists being able to take control of Wilmington.

What led to the creation of HBCUs?

Morill act & the second

The NAACP challenged what laws?

Segregation and voter discrimination

Charity groups and social clubs organized to provide:

Support for other African Americans

Churches served as centers of community action such as

Education, charity work, and activism

Four Key Leaders

Mary Church Terrel, Ida B Wells, Booker T washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois

What did Mary Church Terrel focus on?

Legal activism, charity work, and suffrage for black women

What did Booker T Washington focus on?

Economic development, job skills, and education

What did W.E.B Du bois focus on?

Political equality and education (specifically writing)

Henry Grady promoted a

new version of the south