SOLUTIONS in 1 Shot: All Concepts & PYQs Covered | Class 12th Boards | NCERT

Saturation Point

The point at which a solution can no longer dissolve additional solute.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.

Ideal Solution

A solution that follows Raoult's Law throughout the entire concentration range.

Non-Ideal Solution

A solution that does not follow Raoult's Law, often due to strong intermolecular interactions between solute and solvent.

Dissolution

The process of solute particles interacting with solvent particles to form a solution.

Henry's Law

States that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid.

Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not the identity of the solute.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in the boiling point of a solvent when a solute is added.

Raoult's Law

States that the partial vapor pressure of each component in an ideal solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.

Van't Hoff Factor (i)

An adjustment factor that accounts for the degree of ionization or association of solute particles in a solution.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissociates into ions in solution and conducts electricity.

Non-electrolyte

A substance that does not dissociate into ions in solution and does not conduct electricity.

Isotonic Solution

A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution that has a lower osmotic pressure compared to another solution.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution that has a higher osmotic pressure compared to another solution.

Ebullioscopic Constant (Kb)

A measure of the change in the boiling point of a solvent when a solute is added.

Freezing Point Depression Constant (Kf)

A measure of the change in the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added.