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Shrines

Sacred places where people worship gods or leave offerings.

Fresoes

Paintings made on wet plaster walls, often found in temples and palaces.

City-State

An independent city that governs itself and the land around it (like a small country.)

Polis

The Greek word for "City-state"

Acropolis

A high, fortified hill in a city-state; often the location of important temples.

Citizen

A free person who has rights and responsibilities in a city-state.

Monarchy

A government rued by a king or queen (or emporer.)

Aristocracy

A government ruled by wealthy, land-owning nobles.

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a small group of powerful people.

Phalanx

A Greek military formation where soldiers stood close together with shields and spears.

Sparta

A Greek city-state known for its strong army and strict lifestyle.

Philosophy

The study of wisdom, knowledge, and how people should live.

Trireme

A fast Greek warship with three rows of oars on each side.

Athens

A Greek city-state famous for democracy, art, and learning.

Democracy

A government where citizens vote and have a say in decisions.

Tyrant

A ruler who took power by force but was not always cruel in ancient times.

Legislature

A group of people who make laws.

Alliance

An agreement between groups or countries to help each other.

Pericles

A famous leader of Athens who supported democracy and the arts.

Direct Democracy

A form of government where citizens vote directly on laws.

Stipend

A fixed payment or salary, often given to citizens who served in government.

Jury

A group of citizens who decide if someone is guilty or innocent in a trial.

Ostracism

A vote to banish (kick out) a citizen from the city-state for 10 years.