Grade 10 English – Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns; Writing News Reports and Speeches

Vocabulary flashcards covering key grammatical terms (reflexive & intensive pronouns) and essential journalism concepts (news structure, writing tips, and speech types) from Grade 10 English Lessons 1–2.

Pronoun

A word used as a substitute for a noun or noun phrase whose referent is understood from context.

Antecedent

The noun or pronoun to which another pronoun refers or that a pronoun replaces in a sentence.

Reflexive Pronoun

A pronoun ending in –self or –selves that reflects the action back to the subject and functions as an object (direct, indirect, or of a preposition).

Intensive Pronoun

A pronoun ending in –self or –selves that emphasizes a noun or another pronoun; the sentence remains complete if it is removed.

Direct Object

The noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb directly in a sentence.

Indirect Object

The noun or pronoun that receives the direct object or benefits from the action of the verb.

Object of the Preposition

A noun or pronoun that follows a preposition and completes the prepositional phrase.

Emphasis (Grammar)

Special force or stress given to a word or phrase, often achieved with intensive pronouns.

5Ws and 1H

The essential questions—Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How—that factual news writing must answer.

News

Information about current or recent events, delivered through various media and based on verified facts.

Headline

A short, attention-getting title at the top of a news article summarizing the event.

Byline

The line in a news report that names the writer of the story.

Placeline

The location where a news story was written or reported from, usually appearing after the byline.

Lead Paragraph (Lede)

The opening paragraph of a news article that presents the most important details—the 5Ws and 1H.

Body Paragraph

The section of a news report that provides additional facts, organized from most to least important.

Tail

The final part of a news article that gives concluding details, future developments, or extra background.

Inverted Pyramid

A news-writing structure that places the most critical information first, followed by supporting details.

Hard News Story

Breaking or up-to-the-minute news that requires as many key facts as possible in the lead.

Soft News Story

Human-interest or background pieces where narrative or descriptive elements may precede key facts.

Quotation (in News)

A direct statement from a witness or key person that adds credibility and perspective to a report.

Jargon

Specialized or technical language that should be avoided in news leads to maintain clarity for readers.

“Bury the Lede”

A writing error in which the main point of a story is placed too deep in the article, reducing impact.

Transition Words

Connective terms (e.g., however, meanwhile) that help ideas flow smoothly in writing.

Persuasive Speech

A speech designed to convince the audience to accept a viewpoint or take a specific action.

Informative Talk

A speech whose primary goal is to educate or deliver facts to an audience.

Entertaining Speech

A speech intended chiefly to amuse or engage listeners in an enjoyable way.

Fact-Checking

The process of verifying information sources to ensure the accuracy of news content.

Objectivity (Journalism)

The practice of reporting news based on facts without personal opinion or bias.

Panel Discussion

An instructional strategy where participants share insights on a topic through guided conversation.

Self-Reliance

The quality of working for or depending on oneself; highlighted when people act ‘themselves’ without aid.