IB History Mao Zedong

What year did Puyi become Emperor?

1908

What years were the Warlords in power?

1916-1927

What year was the CCP founded?

1921

What does the CCP stand for?

Chinese Communist Party

When was the "First United Front"

1924

When was the Long March?

1934-1935

What years was Mao in office?

1943-1976

What was a positive aspect of the Long March?

New leadership emerged. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.

What tactics were used during the Long March, that would be helpful later?

Guerilla Warfare tactics

Less than _____ soldiers survived the Long March?

Less than 10,000.

What year was the GMD founded?

1905

Who founded the GMD?

Sun Yatsen

What does the GMD mean?

Guomindang

What are the 3 principles of the GMD?

Nationalism Democracy People's livelihoods

What are some of the ideas of the CCP? (5)

Nationalism, Communist, Marxist, People's livelihoods

When did the China vs. Japan war start and finish?

1937-1941

What was the Human cost of the China vs. Japan war?

15-20 million lives

What were three negatives of the China vs. Japan war?

China lost face. Didn't stand up to Japan. International reputation reduced.

What year was Manchuria declared independant?

1932

What year did China sign the non-agression pact with the USSR?

1937

Monetarily, what did the non-agression pact between China and the USSR involve?

$100 mil 1938, $150 mil 1939.

How did the GMD treat their troops in the China vs. Japan war?

Badly, forced conscription

How did the CCP treat their troops in the China vs. Japan war?

Treated liberated areas and troops well

What date during the China vs. Japan war had Japan occupied Beijing?

August, 1937

What date was the 2nd GMD CCP united front?

September, 1937

Who lost the China vs. Japan war?

Japan

Who won the China vs. Japan war?

China

When did the Chinese Civil War start and finish?

1927-1949

Who was the Chinese Civil War between?

CCP and KMT

What did the Chinese Civil War lead to?

Division into two Chinas

What are the last three years of the Chinese Civil War known as?

War of Liberation

What party and leader in the Chinese Civil War had Taiwan?

KMT and Chiang Kai-Shek

What does the KMT mean?

Chinese Nationalist party

What party and leader in the Chinese Civil War had Mainland China?

CCP and Mao Zedong

At the time of the Chinese Civil War what made up 80% of the population?

Peasants

The CCP believed that the Chinese Civil War would be won by whoever had the _____ on their side.

The CCP believed that the Chinese Civil War would be won by whoever had the peasants on their side.

What tactics did the CCP use during the Chinese Civil War?

Guerilla Warfare tactics

What Date did Mao announce the People's Republic of China?

October 1949

What mistake did the GMD make during the Chinese Civil War, to do with management of troops?

There were little reserves for the areas they already had control over.

What was the GMD's aim in the Chinese Civil War?

To capture major towns and then gain control of the country-side.

What was in Taiwan which Mao wanted?

Gold reserves

What year was the Agrarin law passed?

1950

What did the Agrarin law mean?

Allowed the Government to take land off the landowners and share it amongst peasants

When was the Marriage Law set in place?

1950

What did the Marriage Law mean? (3 things)

Equal rights, Child marriage abolished, Concubinage abolished.

What other campaigns did Mao put in place for the New Communist state? (2)

Literacy, Hygiene

What year were all Chinese citizens granted voting rights?

1953

What was the economic aims of Mao in the New Communist state?

Turn from Agricultural to an Industrial Economy

What were two aims of the Communist party in the new Communist state?

Freedom of Speech, Equal rights.

By how many million a year was China's population growing by 1949?

15 million

What was a problem that affected the economy and people in 1949?

Unemployment

What did all the CCP leaders have in common? (2)

Grew up in Wealthy families, Went to University or Military school

What year was the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and mutual assistance signed?

1949

Who was the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and mutual assistance between?

USSR and China

Monetarily, what did the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and mutual assistance allow?

$300 million over 5 years loaned to China

When was the first 5 year plan introduced?

1953

What did the first five year plan focus on?

Heavy industry - coal, steel, iron and oil

What was the downside on the focus of the first five year plan?

No light industry, so drop in living standards as few consumer goods were available.

What happens when Industrialisation occurs? (movement of people)

Urbanisation

What happened to farms as a result of the Industrialisation in the first five year plan?

Co-operatives

By ____ (year) ___% of families where in high stage co-operatives.

By 1956, 95% of families where in high stage co-operatives.

What was the slogan of the second five year plan?

Move, faster, better, cheaper

When did the Second Five year plan begin?

1958

What was created with the second five year plan? (homes)

Communes

_____ was no longer the centre of Chinese society, following the introduction of ____, with the second five year plan.

Family was no longer the centre of Chinese society, following the introduction of communes, with the second five year plan.

What metal was driven to be produced in the second five year plan?

Steel

What was the overall effect of the second five year plan? (3)

Absolute disaster. Required levels of production too high. Famine

What was the human effect of the second five year plan?

In the 3 years following the famine 20 million died

What year was the Hundred Flowers campaign?

1957

What was Mao's response to the Hundred Flowers campaign?

Marxism isn't perfect. Allowed people to speak out their views.

What did people do during the Hundred Flowers campaign?

People began to criticise Communism, the CCP and Mao

What was the outcome of the Hundred Flowers campaign?

June 1957 "Freedom of Expression" withdrawn. Censorship began again

What movement began after the Hundred Flowers campaign?

Anti-rights movement

Who was the target of the Anti-Rights movement?

Intellectuals

What happened to those who were targetted during the Anti-Rights movement?

Sent to "Thought Reform camps". Many died from starvation and lack of medical care.

Mao Zedong

One of the founding members of the CCP. Believed in a peasants revolution rather than and urban revolution. One of the leaders of the Long March. Became chairman of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

PuYi

Last emperor of China. Came to the throne aged three, abdicated aged six. During Japanese occupation became Emperor of the puppet-state, Manchuria. Ended life working as a gardener.

Sun Yatsen

Educated in Hawaii and at a medical school in Hong Kong. Travelled the world gathering ideas about democracy. Eventually set up the GMD and wrote the Three Principles. President for 6 weeks in 1911 and continued to lead the GMD until his death in 1925.

Yuan Shikai

Had a military background. Became President of China in 1912 and announced the GMD illegal. Declared himself Emperor in 1915, but he was not well received by the Chinese people so gave up the throne 3 months later, only 3 months before his death.

Chiang Kaishek

Became the leader of the GMD after Sun Yatsen's death. Strong military leader who disliked the Communists. Leader of China during World War II, but fled to Taiwan after the Civil War.

Zhou Enlai

Good friend and second-in-command to Mao Zedong. Negotiated the Second United Front. In 1949 he became the Premier of the people‚ Republic of China and also foreign minister.

Zhu De

Joined the CCP in 1922. Had experience in the GMD, but is better known for being the co-founder of the Communist Chinese Red Army. Senior military leader in the Sino-Japanese War and the Civil War.

Lin Biao

Commander of the Red Army and involved in the Long March. Trained CCP troops in guerrilla warfare. One of the army’s leaders in the Civil War, captured Tianjin and Beijing for the Communists. Died in a plane crash in 1971.

Li Lisan

Conflicted with Mao and Zhu over the leadership of the CCP in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Wanted an urban revolution, an idea supported by the Comintern. Ordered an attack on cities in 1930, it was a huge failure.

CCP

Was established in 1921. Joined the first united front because its numbers were too small. Involved in the Long March. Won the Civil War.

GMD

Was established in 1905, originally called the Tong Meng Hui. Was declared illegal under Yuan Shikai. Defeated the warlords and governed most of China between 1927 and 1936. Was expelled from China in 1949.

Peng Dehuai

Trained with Chiang Kaishek but joined the communists in 1928. Led troops in the Civil and Korean War. Purged from party in 1959 for criticising the Great Leap Forward

Liu Shaoqi

Came from a peasant family. Involved in early Communist activity such as the Long March. Vice Chairman in 1949. Replaced Mao as Chairman in 1959. Expelled from the party in 1968 and died soon after.

Jiang Qing

Was a film actress, Fourth wife of Mao, married in 1939. Had a leading role in the Cultural Revolution as part of the Gang of Four.

Hua Guofeng

Served in the Red Army. Survived the Cultural Revolution and became deputy leader of government in 1975. Became Chairman in 1976 after the death of Mao.