CBT

Complementary

one person’s actions are related to another’s. However, the concept should be applied carefully as this could imply victims are responsible for abuse.

Circular causality

Paul Watzlawick, systems perspective views each family member in relation to others, recognising mutual influence

Triangulations (Bowen)

relationship problems are often triangular dynamics involving three people.

Patterns of Behavior (Bateson)

emphasized identifying patterns of behavior. patterns are sequences of connections within and between people behavioral,emotional and cognitive aspects

Minuchin, 1974

subsystems within families that interact to create patterns of dysfunction.

Postmodernism

constructisvism and social constructionism shifted therapists roles to a more collaborative approach

Constructivism (Kelly)

Reframing intervention. systems theory showed how interactions shape lives, but left out beliefs and cultural forces. Reframing or relabeling behavior

social Constructivism (Gergen)

shows how people create realisties, empahsizing the power of social interaction in generating meaning. Beliefs are fluid and change with our social context.

collaborative practice

a therapeutic approach where therapist and client work together to explore and develop understanding. (Hoffman)

Family Narrative

Epston, actions and interactions shape a family’s life, but so do stories they construct

genograms

visual representations of family relationships and histories, used to analyze patterns and dynamics within families. (Mcgoldrick and gerson)

Strategic school of therapy

Bateson

1. The first phase Mri brief threapy, observed the patient from a far (palazzoli)

• the double bind

1. Haley and madness strategic therapy

2. milan systematic model

standard session (the milan school)

pre-session, session, inter session break, inter session intervention and post session discussion

Interventions in the Milan school

• positive connatation- postive explaination strategies to support change in client dynamics and interactions, focusing on relational patterns.

• rituals (dramatisize postive connatations)

  should include structured techniques that encourage clients to explore underlying issues and promote transformation through strategic interactions.

• odd and even days - to break the familes rigid structure

the second phase belief systems

interventions - hypothesising, circularity and neutrality as well as circular questioning

the types of circular questions

• Triadic

• Clarification

• Behavior-Affect

• Spatial

• temporal

the last phase (palazzoli)

inveriant prescription (reinforcing boundaries)

Post milan techniques (Boscolo and Cecchin)

collaborative form of therapy

reflexivity (the one way mirror)

solution focused therapy

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes finding solutions in the present and exploring hope for the future, rather than focusing extensively on problems or past issues. (shazer)

Narrative school of family therapy

A therapeutic approach that focuses on the stories individuals tell about their lives and the meanings they attach to those stories, aiming to empower clients to rewrite their narratives.

externalisation of the problem and outsider witness group