Cariology Module 2

Dental Caries

A chronic endogenous infection caused by normal commensal flora, resulting in localized chemical loss of tooth structure due to biofilm metabolism.

Carious Lesion

A demineralization of enamel and dentin caused by acids produced by plaque microorganisms metabolizing dietary carbohydrates.

Resident Microflora

The diverse community of microorganisms that colonize the human body, established from birth and varying by site.

Oral Bacteria

More than 700 different types of bacteria detected in the mouth, existing in distinct micro-habitats that serve as reservoirs for dental plaque species.

Dental Biofilm

A structured community of microorganisms adhering to tooth surfaces, exhibiting distinct properties compared to individual microbial cells.

Pellicle Formation

An acellular proteinaceous film that forms on tooth surfaces, serving as a substrate for microbial colonization.

Microbial Succession

The process by which pioneer bacteria create conditions favorable for secondary colonizers, leading to increased species diversity in biofilms.

Climax Community

A mature biofilm composition that includes a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, often dominated by acid-producing species.

Saliva

A fluid composed of over 99% water and less than 1% solids, playing a crucial role in oral health through protective mechanisms.

Oral Clearance

The process by which saliva dilutes and eliminates substances in the mouth, with faster clearance rates being more beneficial for teeth.

Antibacterial Activity

Saliva contains antimicrobial components like lysozyme and lactoperoxidase that help protect oral mucosa and maintain oral flora.

Buffer Capacity

The ability of saliva to neutralize acids, primarily determined by bicarbonate ions, helping to maintain a stable pH in the mouth.

Remineralization

The process by which saliva and biofilm fluids provide calcium and phosphate ions to help restore tooth mineral content.

Hyposalivation

A condition characterized by reduced salivary flow, which can lead to increased risk of dental caries.

Xerostomia

The subjective sensation of oral dryness, often associated with impaired oral function and increased caries risk.

Cariogenic Challenge

A situation where frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates leads to acid production and potential demineralization of teeth.

Stephan Curve

A graph illustrating the relationship between pH changes in the mouth following carbohydrate intake and the risk of enamel demineralization.

Fluoride

A mineral that helps reduce the prevalence and severity of dental caries, found in community water supplies, toothpaste, and professional applications.