The Modernization of France_12

Who said that the republic was dividing France the least?

Adolphe Thiers

By whom was replaced Adolphe Thiers?

Patrice de MacMahon

Who was Adolphe Thiers opposed by?

The monarchists.

Who was Patrice de MacMahon?

He was a second president of the Third French Republic.

Who was a president under the republic in France?

A symbolic head of state.

Who's times were generally nice before the WW1?

Patrice de MacMahon’s.

What was the Belle Époque?

It was a period of French and European history that began after the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and continued until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

When did Parisian bourgeoisie began engaging new fashionable trendsetting?

During the Belle Époque.

What was Moulin Rouge?

Parisian cabaret.

What dance was invented in Moulin Rouge as a seductive one?

Can-can.

What did the opening of the Moulin Rouge lead to?

To introduction of cabarets across the world.

Who were becoming the celebrities in Paris times of the Belle Époque?

Dancers.

Who was Toulouse Lautrec?

Was an artist who made posters to popularize can-can.

Where did Toulouse Lautrec die?

In an asylum.

Who were demimondaines?

Women who were supported by wealthy lovers (содержанки). They were wealthy courtesans who were halfway to respectable world. Were engaging in hedonistic activities to gain wealth and fame.

What originally was Au Beau Marche?

A small novel store in Paris.

What was entirely new thing in selling strategies?

Advertising.

What was an interesting thing about Au Beau Marche?

Allowed free entry, manipulated space, allowed returns, fixed prices, created seduction of the eye and started an era of consumerism.

When and why was an Eiffel Tower?

It was built for a 1889 Paris Expo International by the organizations. They wanted a big and dramatic centrepiece.

Who hated an Eiffel Tower and ate in it to not see it?

Oscar Wild.

What was a one tangible legacy of the Third Republic?

An Eiffel Tower.

What were two main sides of the Age of innovation and industries?

Public Transportation (metro in Paris, car was created, first French airplane too) and Modern Filmmaking (under Renault).

Who have patented an improved cinematograph?

Lumiere Brothers.

Who was selling off the Order of the Legion of Honor?

President Grevy’s son-in-law.

What was Lesseps able to build?

Suez Canal.

What canal was Lesseps hired to build?

Panama Canal.

Where should have been built the Panama Canal?

In the narrowest part of the Americas.

Was Panama Canal a massive engineering challenge?

Yes.

What fail was used to prove that people should be become anti-republican?

The fail to build the Panama Canal.

What was the plot that led to antisemitism in 1894?

The Dreyfus Affair.

Who was spying on high-ranking German officials in the embassy?

French cleaning women.

How did French discover there was a traitor selling information to the Germans?

The cleaning women collected the lefts of a shredded piece of paper and then taped it with French authorities. There they saw the info, that there is a traitor.

Who was accused as a traitor by French?

Dreyfus.

Was Alfred Dreyfus respected in a court?

No, he became a scapegoat because he was a first Jewish French high-ranking officer.

Were there any strong evidence towards the fact that Dreyfus is a traitor?

No, there was a lack oof resemblance between his writing and the traitor document + it was not proven that he was gay.

Where was Dreyfus exiled?

To the Devil’s Island.

How did Dreyfus affair fuel the antisemitism?

Because army was “protecting” traitor Jew by not announcing the arrest publicly.

Who was Alfred’s brother?

Mathieu, he tried to help his brother to clear his name.

Why was it a challenge to help Dreyfus?

Because to prove he is innocent is necessary to go against the French army (They were hella strong in nationalism).

To whom were pointing the ACTUAL evidence?

Esterhazy.

For how long was Esterhazy imprisoned before got acquitted?

4 years.

Was there a second trial for Dreyfus?

Yes and he got back to France. Also got only 10 years.

What did Dreyfus receive at the end of ends?

He got a presidential pardon, and eventually, he got the legion of honor.