Sociology key terms 2
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23 Terms
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**Research Methods**
Research Methods are the different ways that you can conduct research
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**Primary Data**
 primary data is data collected from the sociologist first hand and themselves
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**Secondary data**
 data collected from someone else
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**Valid**
if are measuring what we think are measuring
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**Evaluation**
considering the strengths and weaknesses of a concept in sociology
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**Census**
a survey to collect information
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**Generalisable**
applying findings to everyone
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**Qualitative Data**
they are opinions and written descriptions
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**Quantitative**
they are numbers and statistics
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**Triangulation**
they are a mix of quantitative and qualitative to gain the benefit of all strengths and overcome the weakness of each method
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**Face Validity**
whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure
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**Research Bias**
when the researchers beliefs or expectations influence the research design or data collection process
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**Questionnaire**
Individuals report their own responses to questions created by the researcher
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**Open Questionnaires**
 they are responses in questionnaires that the answers to the question are written in depth, so they are free text responses and personalised written responses
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**Closed Questionnaires**
they are fixed response questions, often tick from a limited range
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**Hawthorne Effect**
the hawthorne effect is where someone modifies their answer because of their awareness that they are being observed or the environment of the situation
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**Structured**
An interviewer asks the respondents pre-set and specific questions, all respondents get the same questions. Much like completing a questionnaire together
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**Unstructured**
An interviewer has a loose number of discussion points. The interview goes backwards and forwards like a conversation. Both respondent and interviewer are free to probe and seek further questions and explanations
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**Semi-structured interview**
An interview that is a mix of structured and unstructured questions
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**Group Interviews**
Lots of respondents are interviewed (and questioned) together as a group
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**Transcript**
 Interviews are recorded and typed up into long text - called a transcript
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**Focus Group**
A small group of people who are asked to consider a particular issue - How to promote recycling in school
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**Rapport**
a relationship of trust and understanding