Head and Neck Anatomy Exam 1

Flashcards covering head and neck anatomy, focusing on anatomical regions, muscles, bones, and nerve innervations.

What is the glabella?

Smooth, elevated region between the eyebrows in the frontal region.

What is the supraorbital ridge?

Directly inferior to each eyebrow.

What is the medial canthus?

Inner angles of the eye, also known as the "inner canthus".

What is the Ala?

Wing-like cartilaginous structure that laterally borders the nares.

What is the auricular region?

Region of the head containing the ear.

In which region of the head and neck is the tragus located?

Auricular region

In which region is the frontal eminence evident?

Frontal region

In which region is the naris located?

Nasal region

In which region is the philtrum located?

Oral region (vertical groove on skin extending down from nasal septum)

Which muscle divides the neck diagonally into an anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle?

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

The tissue at the junction between the labial or buccal mucosa and the alveolar mucosa is the:

Mucobuccal fold

At the gingival margin of each tooth is the non-attached or "free gingiva" aka _

Marginal gingiva

What is the fold of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on both the maxilla and the mandible?

Labial frenum

Darker appearance that lines the lips, represents change in epidermis from highly keratinized skin to less keratinized internal mucosal junction.

Vermillion border

Which structure extends from just inferior to the lateral margin of the eye toward the ear?

Zygomatic arch

Fold of tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palate on each side down to the mandible, just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar; stretches when patient opens the mouth wider.

Pterygomandibular fold

The opening from the oral region into the oropharynx is the:

Fauces

Part of the pharynx that is superior to the level of the soft palate (continuous with the nasal cavity).

Nasopharynx

What is the small papilla at the anterior end of each sublingual fold that contains the duct openings?

Sublingual caruncle

Lateral to the deep lingual veins on each side of the tongue, folds with fringe-like projections.

Plica frimbriata

What is the difference between the foliate, fungiform and filiform lingual papillae?

Foliate-LATERAL surface of tongue with vertical ridges (taste buds). Fungiform: red mushroom-shaped dots (less in number), taste buds. Filiform: slender, thread-like lingual -CAT,and for grooming, no papillae-give dorsal surface its velvety texture

What separates the lower lip from the chin?

Labiomental groove

What bone is suspended within the neck without any bony articulation?

Hyoid bone

In addition to the zygomatic bone, which of the following bones has a process that forms the other part of the zygomatic arch?

Temporal bone

Which of the following is the location of the articulation of the parietal bones and occipital bone?

Lambdoidal suture

Which vertebrae forms an articulation with the occipital condyles?

Atlas

Where is the median palatine suture located?

Landmark formed by the maxillae

Which structure is located or travels within the infratemporal fossa?

Posterior superior alveolar artery

The concavity noted on the anterior border of the coronoid process of the mandibular ramus is the:

Coronoid notch

Which process is located just inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus?

Styloid process

The spaces located under the three conchae of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are the nasal:

Meatuses

What bones and their processes form the hard palate?

Palatal processes of the maxillae and maxillary plates of the palatine bone

Which of the following bones of the skull is paired?

Parietal

Which of the following bony plates is perforated to allow the passage of the olfactory nerves for the sense of smell?

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Which of the following bones of the skull is considered a cranial bone?

Sphenoid

Which part of the temporal bone is involved in the TMJ?

Petrous

Which of the following bones forms the jugular foramen along with the jugular notch of the temporal bone?

Occipital

What is the faint ridge where the right and left mandibular processes fused together in early childhood called?

Mandibular symphysis

In which bone are BOTH the infraorbital foramen and infraorbital canal located?

Maxillae

The occipital condyles are located and _ to the foramen magnum.

Lateral, anterior

Which bone forms both the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Ethmoid

The origin of the frontal belly of the epicranial muscle and the insertion of its occipital belly are BOTH at the:

Epicranial aponeurosis

Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of mastication?

Masseter

Which of the following paired muscles unite medially, forming the floor of the mouth?

Mylohyoid

What muscle serves to depress the hyoid bone?

Infrahyoid muscles

Which of the following muscles has two bellies, giving the muscle two different origins?

Lateral pterygoid

Which muscle group is involved in BOTH elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible?

Suprahyoid muscles

Which of the following muscle groups below is innervated by the cervical nerves?

Infrahyoid muscles

Which of the following muscle groups is innervated by the facial nerve?

Muscles of facial expression

Which of the following muscle groups inserts directly on the hyoid bone?

Geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and omohyoid muscles

What muscle is used when a patient grimaces?

Risorius

Which of the following muscles is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue?

Hyoglossus muscle

Which muscle of facial expression compresses the cheeks during chewing assisting the muscles of mastication?

Buccinator

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is noted to:

Inserts on the median pharyngeal raphe

Which of the following descriptions concerning the masseter muscle is CORRECT?

Originates from zygomatic arch

What situation occurs when BOTH SCM muscles are used at the same time?

Head flexes at the neck

Which muscle does NOT aid in smiling with the lips when it contracts?

Epicranial muscle

Which muscle is located just deep to the skin of the neck?

Platysma

Which muscle listed is considered MOST superiorly located on the head and neck?

Corrugator supercilii muscle

Which muscle listed below when contracted causes a frown?

Depressor anguli oris muscle

Which nerve innervates the temporalis muscle?

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Which muscle activity helps to prevent the tongue from sinking back and obstructing respiration?

Genioglossus muscle

Which of the following nerves supplies the posterior group of suprahyoid muscles?

Facial nerve

What nerve supplies the anterior set of suprahyoid muscles?

Trigeminal (CN V)

Infections may spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges along the olfactory nerves, as its fibers pass from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb via:

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid

Which of the following muscles is supplied by the trigeminal nerve?

Tensor veli palatini muscle

Severe pain beneath the left eye, radiating into lower eyelid, lateral side of the nose and upper lip. What nerve is involved?

Infraorbital

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle? What nerve innervates it?

Retracts and elevates the tongue, hypoglossal (nerve XII)

What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle? Innervation?

Depresses tongue (hypoglossal nerve)

What is the action of the genioglossus muscle?

Protrudes tongue and depresses parts

The middle nasal concha is part of what bone?

Ethmoid

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid? What is its action?

Accessory nerve (CN XI), Action: Unilaterally=turns the head AWAY from the active side, flexes neck, extends atlantooccipital joint. BILATERALLY=most powerful flexor in the neck

What suture separates the frontal bone from the paired parietal bones?

Coronal suture

What TMJ dislocation is the most common?

Anterior dislocation (happens during yawning or chewing)

The nasal septum is comprised of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the __.

Vomer

Which of the following muscles has an attachment to the hyoid bone?

Middle constrictor

The zygomatic arch consists of processes from the and _.

Temporal process of temporal bone + zygomatic process of zygomatic bone

Define the law of "golden proportions"

Vertical dimension that allows for comparison of the three parts of the face for functional and esthetic purposes

What areas of the aurical region are important radiographic and local anesthetic landmarks?

External auditory meatus and tragus

What is the difference between otitis externa and otitis media?

Otitis externa- infection of external ear "swimmers ear". otitis media- infect of middle ear, symp: pulling, fever, fussy, fluid

What part of the eye is known as the opening between the two eyelids?

Palebral fissure (space widens when you widen your eyes)

T/F The lateral punctum is located anterior to the lateral caniliculus.

True

The groove(s) that run from the nose to the labial commissure are known as:

Nasolabial sulcus/groove

T/F Many of the local anesthesia injections for patient pain control/hemostasis are administered at the labial frenum.

FALSE-muccobuccal fold

What is the only place in the body (oral cavity) that epithelium has a free edge?

Marginal gingiva

Which structure is continuous with the uvula in the oral cavity?

Soft palate

Differentiate the lingual frenulum from the sublingual fold/plica. What are the small papilla called on the ventral side of tongue?

Small papilla: sublingual caruncles at end of each sublingual fold (contains duct openings to glands)

What muscle divides the neck into triangles? What regions are in each triangle?

SCM; Anterior: submental, submandibular, carotid, muscular. Posterior: occipital, supraclavicular

Name the three groups of important landmarks for radiography of surface anatomy.

1. external auditory meatus and tragus 2. outer and inner canthus 3. nasion and ala

What are the divisions of the bones of the skull?

Neurocranium, viscerocranium, basicranium

What is craniosynostosis? Examples?

Premature fusion of the cranial sutures ex. Saggital-long, narrow skull Coronal: flattening of forehead (ELiza) Lambdoid: flattening at back Metopic: triangular shape

Which cranial bone has both squamous and petrous (bony) portions, related to middle/inner ear, and forms part of the basocranium?

Temporal bone

Identify the location of the pterion.

Where the parietal, frontal, temporal and sphenoid come together (batting helmets)

What are the function of the basicranium?

Basicranium: primarily the occipital bone; FXN: support for the brain, ent/exit for nerves and vessels, contains occipital condyles and foramen magnum, C1 <-Atlas, C2<-Axis

What is the role of the sphenobasilar synchrondrosis?

Growth at the back of the skull (SBS)

What is the deepest part of the orbit called? What two bones is it composed of?

Orbital apex, lesser wing of sphenoid and palatine bone (sm inferior part)

What are the 7 bones that comprise the orbit?

Zygomatic, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, maxilla

The round opening in the orbital apex between the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone is known as:

Optic canal (CN II) lateral to the optic canal-superior orbital fissure

What cranial bone is a single midline bone of the skull that runs through the midsaggital plane is is located anterior to the sphenoid in the anterior part of the cranium?

Ethmoid

Midline vertical perpendicular plate (aids in nasal cartilage to form nasal septum), horizontal cribriform plate

Two unpaired plates that form the ethmoid bone and cross over one another?