Medicinal Plants

Salicylic acid

________ (SA) was synthesized in labs in Germany to treat gout and rheumatism.

Ergotamine

the fungal basis for LSD

migraine treatments, stopping post-partum bleeding

Clinical uses of the ergot alkaloids

Tropane Alkaloids

What group relaxes the smooth muscle, dilates the pupil, dilates blood vessels, and stimulates the CNS?

Dropsy

________ is a condition characterized by severe bloating due to fluid accumulation.

Aspirin

________ irreversibly inhibits COX activity which is how it decreases inflammation, pain, and fever.

Artemisia Annus

________ contains Artemisinin which is a sesquiterpenoid lactone, with an endo-peroxide bridge.

Prostaglandin synthase

________ has 2 different catalytic activities, one is cyclooxygenase (COX) activity.

European Yew

The ________ had a compound that contained the complicated ring structure in the needles.

VCR

________ is more biologically active but found in smaller quantities.

Quinine and chloroquine

________ both block the life cycle of the Plasmodium at the red blood cell stage.

Acetyl Salicylic acid

________ is what aspirin actually is.

Taxol

________ is particularly effective against solid tumors.

Digitoxin

________ is the prescription drug made from digitalis.

Ephedra

________ is the source of the alkaloid ephedrine.

Arachidonate acid

________ (the precursor of prostaglandins) is synthesized in mammals from linoleic acid (18: 2)

Plasmodium

________ is transmitted from person to person by a mosquito vector.

Taxol

________ promoted the polymerization of microtubules but prevents depolymerization (so no daughter cells are formed)

Prostaglandin

considered to be a "local hormone," stimulates inflammation, regulates blood flow

Cinchona

The tree that contains quinine for the treatment of malaria

Vinblastine

used in combination with other drugs to treat generalized Hodgkin's disease, and various lymphomas

Vincristine

used to treat acute lymphocytic diseases, and used in combination with other drugs to treat Hodgkins disease, lymphosarcoma, etc

St. Johns Wort

used for treating mild depression, (mood enhancer)

Echinacea

used for "healthy immune function"

VLB, VCR

________ has a methyl group (CH3) while _____ has an aldehyde group (CHO) instead.

Vinblastine, Vincristine

In the plant, ________ is probably formed first and ________ is formed later as an oxidized product.

Aspirin

________ doesn't occur naturally.

25%

In the US, ____ of all prescription drugs are from plants or are based on plant-derived compounds

Phenolic

Aspirin and related NSAIDs contain what type of group?

Salicin

What compound is found in white willow bark?

Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory

Aspirin is a

it blocks the biosynthesis of prostagandins

Aspirin can reduce pain, fever and inflammation because

NSAIDs

What types of drugs are based on the structure of aspirin?

Alkaloid

Quinine is a

chloroquine

________ is the main synthetic form of quinine

dropsy

The leaves of Digitalis were shown more than 200 years ago to be very effective for treating

by blocking the replication of Plasmodium in RBCs

Chloroquine has been used as a treatment for malaria since the 1940s, and acts

Catharanthus, taxus

What plants can be used to treat cancer?

Vinblastine and Vincristine

What are the two main alkaloids of the rosy periwinkle?

Leukemia and cancers of the lymphatics

The Vinca Alkaloids are used to treat

Pacific Yew BARK

Where is taxol found?

Terpenoid

Taxol is a

ovarian and breast cancers

Compounds for the Pacific Yew are used to treat

Less restrictive growing range, needles are a renewable source, only semi-synthesis is needed

Advantages of using the European Yew

They are not government regulated

Why can dietary supplements be dangerous?