Salicylic acid
________ (SA) was synthesized in labs in Germany to treat gout and rheumatism.
Ergotamine
the fungal basis for LSD
migraine treatments, stopping post-partum bleeding
Clinical uses of the ergot alkaloids
Tropane Alkaloids
What group relaxes the smooth muscle, dilates the pupil, dilates blood vessels, and stimulates the CNS?
Dropsy
________ is a condition characterized by severe bloating due to fluid accumulation.
Aspirin
________ irreversibly inhibits COX activity which is how it decreases inflammation, pain, and fever.
Artemisia Annus
________ contains Artemisinin which is a sesquiterpenoid lactone, with an endo-peroxide bridge.
Prostaglandin synthase
________ has 2 different catalytic activities, one is cyclooxygenase (COX) activity.
European Yew
The ________ had a compound that contained the complicated ring structure in the needles.
VCR
________ is more biologically active but found in smaller quantities.
Quinine and chloroquine
________ both block the life cycle of the Plasmodium at the red blood cell stage.
Acetyl Salicylic acid
________ is what aspirin actually is.
Taxol
________ is particularly effective against solid tumors.
Digitoxin
________ is the prescription drug made from digitalis.
Ephedra
________ is the source of the alkaloid ephedrine.
Arachidonate acid
________ (the precursor of prostaglandins) is synthesized in mammals from linoleic acid (18: 2)
Plasmodium
________ is transmitted from person to person by a mosquito vector.
Taxol
________ promoted the polymerization of microtubules but prevents depolymerization (so no daughter cells are formed)
Prostaglandin
considered to be a "local hormone," stimulates inflammation, regulates blood flow
Cinchona
The tree that contains quinine for the treatment of malaria
Vinblastine
used in combination with other drugs to treat generalized Hodgkin's disease, and various lymphomas
Vincristine
used to treat acute lymphocytic diseases, and used in combination with other drugs to treat Hodgkins disease, lymphosarcoma, etc
St. Johns Wort
used for treating mild depression, (mood enhancer)
Echinacea
used for "healthy immune function"
VLB, VCR
________ has a methyl group (CH3) while _____ has an aldehyde group (CHO) instead.
Vinblastine, Vincristine
In the plant, ________ is probably formed first and ________ is formed later as an oxidized product.
Aspirin
________ doesn't occur naturally.
25%
In the US, ____ of all prescription drugs are from plants or are based on plant-derived compounds
Phenolic
Aspirin and related NSAIDs contain what type of group?
Salicin
What compound is found in white willow bark?
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
Aspirin is a
it blocks the biosynthesis of prostagandins
Aspirin can reduce pain, fever and inflammation because
NSAIDs
What types of drugs are based on the structure of aspirin?
Alkaloid
Quinine is a
chloroquine
________ is the main synthetic form of quinine
dropsy
The leaves of Digitalis were shown more than 200 years ago to be very effective for treating
by blocking the replication of Plasmodium in RBCs
Chloroquine has been used as a treatment for malaria since the 1940s, and acts
Catharanthus, taxus
What plants can be used to treat cancer?
Vinblastine and Vincristine
What are the two main alkaloids of the rosy periwinkle?
Leukemia and cancers of the lymphatics
The Vinca Alkaloids are used to treat
Pacific Yew BARK
Where is taxol found?
Terpenoid
Taxol is a
ovarian and breast cancers
Compounds for the Pacific Yew are used to treat
Less restrictive growing range, needles are a renewable source, only semi-synthesis is needed
Advantages of using the European Yew
They are not government regulated
Why can dietary supplements be dangerous?