Blood ap 2

Main functions of blood

Transportation regulation and protection.

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood.

Formed elements

Red blood cells white blood cells and platelets.

Granulocytes

Neutrophils eosinophils and basophils.

Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes.

Blood viscosity

Resistance of blood to flow; affected by the amount of cells and proteins in blood.

Blood osmolarity

Concentration of dissolved substances in blood plasma.

Hypoproteinemia

Abnormally low concentration of plasma proteins.

Ascites

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Erythropoiesis

Production of red blood cells.

RBC lifespan

About 120 days.

Anemia

Condition in which blood has reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Anemia caused by insufficient iron needed for hemoglobin production.

Hypoplastic/aplastic anemia

Anemia associated with inadequate bone marrow activity.

Sickle-cell disease

Genetic disorder involving abnormal hemoglobin that can cause RBCs to become sickle-shaped.

Antigen

Substance recognized by the immune system that can trigger an immune response.

Antibody

Protein produced by B cells that binds to a specific antigen.

Agglutination

Clumping of cells caused by antigen-antibody reactions.

Agglutinogen

Antigen on the surface of an RBC.

Agglutinin

Antibody in plasma that reacts with a specific antigen.

Type A blood

A antigens on RBCs; anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Type B blood

B antigens on RBCs; anti-A antibodies in plasma.

Type AB blood

A and B antigens; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Type O blood

No A or B antigens; both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Rh-positive

Rh antigen is present.

Rh-negative

Rh antigen is absent.

Neutrophils

Most abundant WBC; important for phagocytosis and defense against bacteria.

Eosinophils

Important in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

Basophils

Release chemicals involved in inflammation and allergic reactions.

Lymphocytes

Important in adaptive immunity.

Monocytes

Become macrophages and perform phagocytosis.

Platelets

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting and hemostasis.

Hemostasis

Process that stops bleeding.

Thrombocytopenia

Abnormally low platelet count.

Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel.

Embolus

A traveling clot or other material carried by the bloodstream.

Infarction

Tissue death caused by inadequate blood supply.

Thromboembolism

A clot that forms breaks loose travels and blocks another vessel.