APUSH Unit 3
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Who was a national hero in the French & Indian War? He set precedents for future leaders and developed the Cabinet.
George Washington
Who was the Secretary of War?
Knox
Who was the Secretary of Treasury?
Hamilton
Who was the Secretary of State?
Jefferson
What defined appointment powers?
Article II of the Constitution
What did the first Congress do?
ratify the Bill of Rights and passed Judiciary Act of 1789
What was the Bill of Rights?
10 amendments written by Federalist James Madison
What was the financial debate of the United States?
nation had large war debt
What was Alexander Hamilton's plan?
tariff, pay all debts, national bank system
What was Hamilton's national bank system?
favored wealthy and issue paper $
Who proposed the national bank?
Hamilton
Who rejected the national bank?
Jefferson
What were political affairs during the French Revolution in 1789?
British and French at war, Americans split on who to support, Washington claimed neutral (Neutrality Acts)
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
Farmer's rebellion over an excise tax on whiskey they produced
What did the Whiskey Rebellion prove?
the strength of the new federal government
Who did Jay's Treaty favor?
Britain
What was Jay's Treaty?
trade treaty with Britain that was highly unpopular because of the Revolution
What did Jay's Treaty allow for British?
continue fur trade in U.S. territory
What was Pinckney's Treaty?
trade treaty with Spain that had access to the Mississippi River
What did Pinckney's Treaty include?
all lands east except Florida
What was the Treaty of Greenville?
U.S. paid Indians to leave, gave much less than what land was worth
What did Washington avoid?
monarchy
When was the Philadelphia Convention?
May 1787
What was the Philadelphia Convention also known as?
Constitutional Convention
What was the point of the Constitutional Convention?
revise the Articles of Confederation, but realized they needed to create an entirely new constitution
Who was chosen to be the President of the Convention?
Washington
Who is the only state not to attend to the Convention? Why?
Rhode Island, because they opposed a central authority
Who created the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
What is the Virginia Plan?
powerful national government had the power to overturn state laws and rejected state soverignty
What kind of legislature did the Virginia Plan call for?
two-house, ordinary voters would vote for lower house and lower house would choose upper house
What plan called for representation government to be based on population which was highly opposed by small states?
Virginia Plan
Who called for the New Jersey Plan?
William Paterson
What was the New Jersey Plan?
states control their own laws and guaranteed equality
What plan called for representation being equal among the states?
New Jersey Plan
What kind of legislature did the New Jersey Plan call for?
Uni-cameral
What kind of legislature did the Great Compromise propose?
two-house
Who represented the Senate in the Great Compromise?
equal representation
Who represented the House in the Great Compromise?
population
What proposed a national census that would count the population every 10 years?
Great Compromise
What branches were created in the Great Compromise?
Executive and Judicial
What did the Great Compromise refuse to set?
property requirements for voting in National Elections
What states rejected the proposal to abolish slavery?
Southern
Who recognized that slavery contradicted Republican principles and equality?
Madison and George Mason
Who denied Congress the power to regulate immigration and slave trade until 1808?
Convention
What was the "Fugitive Clause"?
allowed masters to reclaim enslaved blacks who flee to other states
What words were left out of the Constitution due to protests by anti-slavery leaders?
slavery and slave
What did the South agree, to increase Southern representation?
3/5 Compromise
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
each slave would count 3/5 a person for purposes of representation and tax
Who were Federalists?
supported Federal Union, strong national government, coordinated campaign in pamphlets
Who were state governments?
anti federalists, opponents of Constitution, feared state governments would loose power
Who were delegates that voted on the ratification?
untutored farmers, middling artisans, educated gentlemen
Who opposed the ratification of the Constitution?
New York and Massachusetts
Who supported the ratification of the Constitution?
Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Virginia
Who wrote the Federalist papers?
Jay, Madison, Hamilton
Who did the Federalist papers divide the authority among?
President, bicameral, judiciary
Who was the first President?
George Washington
Who was the first Vice President?
John Adams
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?
a federal district court in each state, three circuit courts to hear appeals from district, and supreme court with final say
What did the Bill of Rights protect?
individual citizens and safeguard fundamental personal rights
Why did the Bill of Rights appease the Anti-Federalists?
protected individual rights and secured legitimacy of the Constitution
What did Hamilton's financial plan outline?
Public Credit, National Bank, Manufactures
What was Hamilton's Report on Public Credit?
federal government should assume all state debts and fund the national debt
What was Hamilton's goal in the Report on Public Credit?
new country creditworthy and debt-free
What was the opposition of the Report on Public Credit?
enormous profit to speculators who bought depreciated securities
What was the Bank of the United States?
jointly owned by private stockholders and the national government
What did the Bank of the United States do to the specie-starved American economy?
provide stability by making loans to merchants, handling government funds, and issuing bills of credit
Why did Jefferson strongly oppose Hamilton's fiscal polices?
Jefferson believed it was unconstitutional, he had a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Why did Washington pass the Proclamation of Neutrality?
to allow U.S. citizens to trade with all belligerents
Why did some Americans oppose the French Revolution?
feared the French Revolution would come to America
Why did some Americans support the French Revolution to begin with?
abolished feudalism and established constitutional monarchy
What did Jay's treaty allow for Britain?
their right to stop neutral ships
What did Jay's treaty require for U.S.?
U.S. require full compensation to Britain post-Revolution
As long as who was in power, would the United States have a pro-British foreign policy?
Federalists
What was the Haitian Revolution?
1791 conflict involving diverse Haitian participants and armies from 3 European countries
What did Haiti gain at the end of the Haitian Revolution?
free, independent nation in which former slaves were citizens
How did the Haitian Revolution impact the United States?
Thousands of refugees fled the island and traveled to Charlestown, New York, and Philadelphia.
What were the two parties in the First-Party System?
Federalists/Republicans
Who were supporters of the Federalists?
merchants, creditors, wheat-exploring slaveholders
Who were supporters of the Democratic-Republicans?
southern tobacco and rice planters, debt-conscious Western famers
Who won the 1796 Election?
John Adams
What kind of policy did Adams follow?
continued Hamilton's pro-British policy
Why was the Election of 1796 significant?
Very heated political parties
What was the XYZ Affair?
1797 incident in which American negotiators in France were rebuffed for refusing to pay a substantial bribe
What did the XYZ Affair lead to for the United States?
undeclared war that curtailed American trade with the French West Indies
How did America respond to the XYZ Affair?
Congress cut off trade with France and authorized American privateering
What were the Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts?
1798 laws passed that limited individual rights and threatened the fledgling party system
What was the Naturalization Act?
lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship
What was the Alien Act?
authorized the deportation of foreigners
What was the Sedition Act?
prohibited the publication of insults or malicious attacks on the President or members of Congress
What was the overall purpose of the Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts?
change the population
Why was the Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts significant?
led to Civil War
What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
condemned the Alien and Sedition Acts and tested the idea that state legislatures could judge the constitutionality of federal laws and nullify them
Why did Jefferson appeal to the states with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
state rights interpretation of the Constitution
Why did Thomas Jefferson call the election of 1800 the Revolution of 1800?
Bloodless transfer of power that showed popularly elected governments could be changed in an orderly war
What was the Capital Compromise Hamilton proposed?
Moving country capital to Washington, DC to appease South
What did Thomas Jefferson/Democratic-Republicans believe in?
strict interpretation of the Constitution
What did Alexander Hamilton/Federalists believe in?
loose interpretation of the Constitution
What clause/act did Hamilton approve?
Elastic clause/Necessary and Proper
How did the North feel about the bank?
favored
How did the South feel about the bank?
not favor