Origins of the Cold War

What was the ideology of the USSR?

communist

What was the ideology of the USA?

capitalist

What was the ideology of the USSR?

communist

What was the ideology of the USA?

capitalist

How many people died as a result of WW2 in the USSR?

27 million

What was the name (and year) of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?

Russian Campaign (1812)

What was the name (and year) of Hitler’s invasion of Russia?

Operation Barbarossa (1941)

What reason did Stalin give for the Germans being able to invade the USSR through its Western border?

“because governments hostile to the Soviet Union existed in these countries”

In which year was the Tehran conference?

1943

Who attended the Tehran conference?

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin

When was the Yalta conference?

February 1945

Who attended the Yalta conference?

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin

When was the Potsdam conference?

July 1945

Who attended the Potsdam conference?

Truman, Churchill/Attlee and Stalin

What did George Kennan claim about coexistence between the USSR and the USA?

“in the long run there can be no permanent coexistence”

How many tonnes of supplies were airlifted to West Berlin during the Berlin Airlift?

1.5 million

What was the name of the US airlift operation during the Berlin Blockade?

Operation Vittles

What was the name of the British airlift operation during the Berlin Blockade?

Operation Plane Fare

Who was the US Secretary of Commerce who believed that the US should not cut off economic aid to the USSR immediately following the war?

Henry Wallace

What was the name of the US economic aid provided to countries fighting the Axis powers in WW2?

Lend-Lease Act

What is the famous quote by Truman that outlines the USA’s support for countries fighting against communism (setting up the Truman Doctrine)?

“it must be the policy of the US… to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation”

What is the quote by Truman that explains the reasoning behind the Marshall Plan?

“the seeds of (Communism) are nurtured by misery and want”

What is the name of the key battle between Nazi and Soviet forces during WW2 that the USSR was able to claim an aura of prestige due to winning?

Battle of Stalingrad

Which country (USA or USSR) was not demobilised following the end of WW2?

USSR

How many factories were destroyed in the USSR due to WW2?

31,000

What was the name of the declaration reached at Yalta regarding the provision of “free and democratic” elections in Eastern Europe?

Declaration on Liberated Europe

When did the USSR have its own nuclear bomb?

1949

What was Churchill’s name for the division in Europe due to the beginnings of the Cold War?

an ‘Iron Curtain’

When did Churchill give his ‘Iron Curtain’ speech?

March 1946

Where did Churchill give his ‘Iron Curtain’ speech?

Fulton, Missouri

What is the key quote from Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech?

“from Settin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended upon the continent”

How many zones was Germany divided up into following the Allied victory in WW2?

4

Which key German city was split into 4 zones (American, French, British and Soviet)?

Berlin

When did Germany surrender in WW2?

8th May 1945

When did the first atomic bomb test explosion take place in New Mexico?

16th July 1945 (1 day before the Potsdam Conference)

When did FDR die?

12th April 1945

What was the name of Truman’s policy regarding the containment of communism?

Truman Doctrine

When did Truman announce the Truman Doctrine in Congress?

12th March 1947

How much aid was granted to Greece and Turkey to help them resist communism as a result of the Truman Doctrine?

$400 million

Who was the Secretary of State under President Truman (between 1947-49)?

George Marshall

What was the name of the aid package granted to Europe to help them rebuild and further inhibit the spread of communism?

Marshall Plan

When was the Marshall Plan started?

1948

Who was the Soviet Foreign Minister?

Vyacheslav Molotov

Did the USSR allow its satellite states to accept aid from the Marshall Plan?

no

How many countries ultimately signed up for the Marshall Plan?

16

How much money was distributed to Europe by the United States under the Marshall Plan between 1948 and 1951?

$13 billion

What was the name of the doctrine that acted as the Soviet response to the Truman Doctrine?

Zhandov Doctrine

What was condemned under the Zhandov Doctrine?

imperialism and colonisation

What was the name of the economic council established by the USSR as a response to the Marshall Plan?

COMECON

What was the name of the Soviet economic aid program to communist Europe (Soviet Marshall Plan)?

Molotov Plan

When was the Bizone created?

1946

When did the French occupation zone join the Bizone?

1948

When was a new currency introduced to West Germany?

1948

What was the name of the new currency introduced to West Germany?

Deutsche Mark

When did the USSR commence its total blockade of Berlin?

24th July 1948

Until when was access to Berlin by road, rail and water impossible due to the Berlin Blockade?

12th May 1949

Who was the US general who introduced the idea of an Allied airlift to Berlin?

General Lucius D. Clay

How many total flights were there in the Berlin Airlift?

270,000

How many total tonnes of goods were transported to Berlin each day during the Berlin Blockade?

13,000

What was the name of the British Foreign Secretary in 1948 who denounced the Soviet threat in the House of Commons?

Ernest Bevin

When was the coup in Prague (in which the Communists took power in Czechoslovakia by force)?

25th February 1948

When was NATO formed?

1949

What did Stalin denounce the Marshall Plan as being?

“dollar imperialism”

What was the name of the 1944 agreement between Stalin and Churchill to divide the various nations of Eastern Europe into spheres of influence based on percentages?

Percentages Agreement

At which conference was the Percentages Agreement reached?

Moscow Conference

What are the names of the two Japanese cities on which the USA dropped atomic bombs at the end of WW2?

Nagasaki and Hiroshima

What is the name of the telegram sent by George Kennan to Truman?

Long Telegram / Kennan Telegram

What was the name of the Secretary of State under Truman (1949-53)?

Dean Acheson

Which communist Eastern European country did take aid under the Marshall Plan and was thus expelled from Cominform?

Yugoslavia

What is the name given to Stalin’s actions in Eastern Europe following the end of WW2?

Salami Tactics

What were the 4 “D”s in Germany following the end of WW2?

Delilitarisation, Denazification, Democratisation, Decentralisation

Which organisations were set up at the Bretton Woods Conference?

IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, now the World Bank)

When was the Bretton Woods Conference?

1944

When was NSC-68 published?

1950

What was NSC-68?

It called for a global containment policy to be adopted by the USA in the face of the communist threat

What was the name of the telegram written to Stalin by the Soviet ambassador the US, Nikolai Novikov?

Novikov Telegram

When was the Novikov Telegram?

1946

What did Novikov claim the US was doing in the Novikov Telegram?

“striving for world supremacy”

How many days’ worth of food did Berlin have at the start of the blockade?

36

What territory had the USSR been promised control of at the Yalta conference in return for their aid in defeating Japan?

Manchuria

What was the name of the USA’s atomic bomb project?

Manhattan Project

What does historian Melvyn Leffler claim Stalin felt the West would do?

“discard the USSR when convenient”

When was Lend-Lease Aid to the USSR stopped?

September 1945

When did Stalin arrest all non-communist leaders in Poland despite the existence of a coalition government?

1945

What was the name of the ruling party in Hungary in 1947?

Smallholder Party

Was the Smallholder Party in Hungary communist?

no

What is the name of the Stalinist who set up a secret police force in Hungary to arrest the members of the Smallholder Party and thus gain communist influence over the country?

Matyas Rakosi

What is the name of the secret police unit set up by Matyas Rakosi to arrest Smallholder Party members in Hungary?

AVO

What did George Kennan’s telegram claim that the USSR wanted to be doing?

“increasing in every way the strength and prestige of the Soviet state”

What does historian Geoffrey Roberts argue that Stalin sought after WW2?

“security, not revolution”

Which countries did Stalin have control of as a result of his Salami Tactics?

Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Poland and Hungary

What is the quote by historian Tony Judt regarding the nature of the Cold War?

“the Cold War was made in Europe, but it was fought worldwide”

What was the name of the plan proposed by Truman that aimed to have all other countries pledge to not produce atomic weapons (and then the US would decommission all of its own nuclear weapons)?

Baruch Plan

When was the Baruch Plan proposed?

1946

Why did the USSR reject the Baruch plan?

they felt that it would lead to an American nuclear monopoly